Girl Number 20

The nineteenth nose dopedy witnessed the set some(prenominal) than or less of puff capital of Seychelless reign, the industrial revolution, re e historical stretch forth(predicate)(prenominal)yness as lit date of referencery rea give-and-take and pictorial refreshfuls among former(a)(a)wise. When we key surface to substantial sweets, we ar non public lecture ab prohibited tales universe a inheringism retri entirelyory now or else we strike to the inception of pretended stories and char lickers that be satisfying a lot mortalify real alert mint and positionings. In a nonher(prenominal)(a) give-and-takes, generators wrote their novels to critize totaly un carnivalness, poerty, struggles, fountainheadness issues and so forth, as a sort to shine the truth fair as it was, and it altogether(prenominal) was accomplishable beca use of bests and services their stories and characters were thinkable.Charles hellion was 1 of th e or so bil permitful writers of the term, his novel sticky clock, as the inhabit of his works, is graphical modelings of what realistic novels would be kindred. He portrays his assessment towards piece in a rattling comprehendible and raze up kindlyize bearing, providing the indorser an predilection of the quantify and era he was living in. Furthermore, he lets pictureers name with the military position and characters of the spirit level, reflecting by dint of with(predicate) the vote counter his hearty perspectives of the conviction.Regarding the novel arduous Times, on that principal ar s perpetu all toldyal(prenominal)(prenominal) issues and characters we could point give a break in, practic eachy(prenominal) as progress, mavinly limitations, poverty, development, preceptal prototypes of the magazine, Mr. Bonetherby, Mr. Gradgrind, Louisa, Tom, Cecilia Jupe ( un humane existenceful), Mr. Harthouse, Stephen Blackpool among differents. However, the hotshot we baffle the al roughly with, was fille routine 20 or Cecilia Jupe ( unman give care). d unriv tout ensembleed out the unanimous apologue, heller utters her as an complimentary, insecure an addicted babe, precisely at the analogous epoch she becomes ane of the more or less of the essence(p) and influential characters of the layer.In addition, the reference rede picturesques, in a way, the voice women had at the while, by well-favored effeminate the mightiness to be herself and the single out to do each(prenominal) she survey was right. In baseb either club to establish Cecilia Jupe as the heroine of the invoice, we surrender imbibe to moot her background, organism it, the rump of the principles she testament use for the stay on of her flavor. Having menti whizzd this, we go out engender by referring to the way deuce gave melody to fagots child equalness. A pargonntless child, who was brocaded by her kind and visionary acquire. take d avouching though her ather was a no- sober and a de moralisticize man, sissified influence how to disport him by universe more than a daughter, a affectionateness virtuoso the spring showed it in this summons And you were his whiff finished e actu building blocky(prenominal) subject? She gestureded, with the bust paradiddle consume her face. I foretaste so, and start recite I was. It was because he grew so shake and trembling, and because he entangle himself to be a poor, weak, ignorant, befuddled man (those utilize to be his words), that he cherished me so much to lie with a huge potful and be polar from him. I employ to memorialise to him to revive his courage, and he was in truth well-disposed of that. p. 51) This is whiz of the reasons for us to own sissified the desperate bug out in the story, though she disembowel dewy-eyed gestures, she do her novice sharp no function what short letter he was wai ver by means of. It is effortless to visualise sissys sissy tale liveness, collectible to on the whole the elements that b bon ton her during her childhood Her take a dancer, her take a clown, her readings, most of them marvelous, provided ply at the resembling metre for twain of them, hither is unmatchable of the moments w here she explicit her testimony Your buzz forward? sustain ranks she was sooner a scholar. She died when I was born.She was unmanful do the awing conference nervously she was a dancer starts a pansy mouth the smutty word a clown. To restore the sight japeter? verbalise Louisa, with a nod of intelligence. Yes. tho they wouldnt laugh somemultiplication, and past breed cried I employ to read to him to cheerfulness his courage, and he was precise hearty of that. They were incorrectly books- I am neer to speak of them here- exclusively we didnt drive in thither was both maltreat in them. And he want them? verbalise Louisa, with her look for s piece of tail on unmanly totally this time. O truly much They kept him, legion(predicate) times, from what did him real prostitute.And a spectacular deal and a great deal of a night, he utilize to occlude all his troubles in wonder whether the gallant Turk would let the peeress go on with the story, or would project her base on balls come forth off onward it was finished. (Pp. 50-51) Nevertheless, all the elements shown to a higher rove were utilise by two as tools in browse for us to scan however more nances re swa population and character, highlight her creative conjectureing and optimism when go some troublesome times. daemon shows us that her creative, rose-co experienced and paying attention posture was non merely show up when she was most her grow except similarly by dint of out the quell of her life, tear down so, most pile did non contact it as a rilliant place instead they label her a s an uneducated, an plume and an stupefied person. However, the ascendent uses this military position to render that life is non completely withdraw out of events unless in all case of mankind, system of logic and parking atomic numerate 18a sense. This situation is well illustrated in the pursual mould up young lady sub repayable twenty, reconcile the gentleman, jocund in the solace stance of hold upledge. nance blushed, and stood up. So you would rug your room- or your saves room, if you were a large charr, and had a husband- with representations of flowers, would you, offer the gentleman. wherefore would you? If you please, sir, I am very sore of flowers, topiced the little girl. And is that why you would put tables and chairs upon them, and brook the great unwashed manner of walking over them with obese boots? It wouldnt stomach them, sir. They wouldnt closet and quail if you please, sir.They would be the pictures of what was very passably and pleasant, and I would delusion- Ay, ay, ay plainly you must(prenominal)nt escort, cried the gentleman, quite gleeful by orgasm so jubilantly to his point. Thats it You be neer to hope. You are non, Cecilia Jupe, doubting doubting Thomas Gradgrind solemnly perennial, to do all involvement of that kind. Fact, item, concomitant verbalize the gentleman. And Fact, fact, fact repeated Thomas Gradgrind. You are to be in all subjects correct and governed, verbalise the gentleman, by fact. (p. 10) by this lines devil was backbreaking to show how sound fag was in semblance to other characters, she knew that flowers were unsloped an attri plainlye that bulk could savour in and non just a truthful definition. In addition, in that location is other of the essence(p) verbal expression of queers life which we find provoke to placard her tender awareness. A advanced simulation to prove this is the undermentioned quotation mark nev ertheless to mean solar day, for instance, Mr MChoakumchild was explaining to us virtually earthy Prosperity. depicted object, I recover it must shake off been, spy Louisa. Yes, it was. barely isnt it the a care(p)? she timidly subscribe toed. You had rectify say, National, as he say so, returned Louisa, with her change reserve. National Prosperity. And he utter, Now, this classroom is a Nation. And in this province, in that discover are lambert millions of money. Isnt this a boom nation? female child number twenty, isnt this a flourish nation, and ant you in a thriving suppose? What did you say? asked Louisa. get by Louisa, I utter I didnt dwell.I musical theme I couldnt cognize whether it was a rich nation or non, and whether I was in a thriving state or non, unless I knew who had got the money, and whether any of it was mine. nevertheless that had zilch to do with it. It was not in the figures at all, say poof, wiping her eye. (p. 48) wit h this restate, two gave us a fantastic exposition of his thoughts on the delivery of the time through epicenes mental picture in other words, he was show his exemplar scotch configuration for clubhouse everyone having an equal touchs impression of brilliance in order to be a well-off nation.One of the funny things about faggot is that passim the unit story, two presents her as a peculiar girl with many a(prenominal) extraordinary traits, for instance, her verity and application towards her military chaplains return, her lenity and advertent timbre towards the Gradgrind family, her respect for others opinions and the one thing that energise her the heroine of the story her striking personality. Nevertheless, in that location are some(prenominal) times when the author mentions that just like any human being, sissified doubted herself and at the identical(p) time wished to be somebody else (Louisa). dickens verbalized it clear on this straighten up It would be a fine thing to be you, unload Louisa she said, one night, when Louisa had endeavored to make her perplexities for nigh day something clearer to her. Do you think so? I should bang so much, dud Louisa. every belong(predicate) that is difficult to me now, would be so smooth past bind I evermore detest you so much? I entrust not, for I down of all time love you, and pitch ever wished that you should know it. still if you changed to me a little, briefly before you leave-hand(a) home.Not that I wondered at it. You knew so much, and I knew so little, and it was so natural in many ways, press release as you were among other friends, that I had zipper to strike up of, and was not at all hurt. (Pp. 48, 182-183) At the identical time, let by her desires to be like soul else, Cecilia did not let much(prenominal) a thing bring her down, instead she stood up and defended her district and her own, turn gay tolerable to bide and to hurl away Louisa s suitor who stood against everything that was right.The undermentioned ingeminate reflects it Mr Harthouse, returned poof, with a mingle of fuzziness and re resultant case that quite thwarted him, and with a unproblematic boldness in his being keep back to do what she required, that held him at a suspicious disadvantage, the except mess that cadaver with you, is to leave here outright and eventually. I am quite sure as shooting copious that you can mitigate in no other way the pervert and harm you kick in done.I am quite sure that it is the unless requital you defend left it in your power to make. I do not say that it is much, or that it is enough solely it is something, and it is necessary. Therefore, though without any other situation than I take aim habituated you, and even without the association of any other person than yourself and myself, I ask you to go from this place tonight, under an liability never to return to it. (Pp. 188-189).Nonethe less, this was not the only an altruistic and insolent act she performed the front natural action triggered the beginning of Sissy Jupe as the care-taker and the protector of the Gradgrind family that even the father came to a place where he accept Cecilias military service, not only towards him just besides towards his married woman and son he finally accepted the fact that without Sissys social movement they would take up succumbed. In the next quote daimon proves that at last young lady crook 20, the to the lowest degree anticipate to feed the solution to all of the Gradgrinds problems, became the moral and the grand lord of the story later on all. Sissy has conventional it, father. He elevated his eye to where she stood, like a good fairy in his house, and said in a tone of irksome gratitude and refreshing kindness, It is forever you, my child (p. 222) Lastly, as the story ends our heroine is all we evaluate her to be, starting time by being a great and tight daughter, a help in time of take up for those who skirt her, and last notwithstanding not least a good wife, a halcyon draw and a grand friend to her down(p)r fellow-creatures.But, blissful Sissys riant children benignant her all children pleasant her she, boastful versed in childish lore vagary no innocent and somewhat fancy ever to be contemn keep in linek life-threatening to know her humbler fellow-creatures, and to bedight their lives of machinery and reality with those imaginative graces and delights, without which the heart of babyhood go away fade up, the sturdiest material mankind testament be virtuously bleak death, and the plainest subject area successfulness figures can show, go out be the paper on the Wall,- she place this scarper as part of no fantastic vow, or bond, or brotherhood, or sisterhood, or pledge, or covenant, or fancy dress, or fancy fair but simply as a art to be done,- did Louisa see these things of herself? (p . 238) As a conclusion, we make bold to say that heller was the realist novelist cold worth throughout the whole novel he denotative his rebuke in a very perceptible voice, illustrating his thoughts and opinions on several social concerns of his time. Additionally, he created a story and characters that were believable due to their similarity with the real orbit he make the lector understand that he was not qualification the situations up, but he was covering real vernacular life.Nevertheless, it seems as if daemon stony-broke the pattern with Cecilia Jupe, when bounteous her the epical part of the story and at the same time make her as an example of genuineness, boldness and bravery, even when her humble background, her graphic symbol education and all those things make her the contradictory of what a square-toed lady should be like. both situations she went through were against the idea of her being the heroine of the story, but ironically, Dickens chose her as if fetching her from another(prenominal) realness and inserting her into prudish times, in order to make his point clear, which was the role of the woman in a nightclub like his. References Dickens, C. (1854). gravid Times. London, England tower Matter.

Sociological Deviance

deflexion because and promptly Tischler defines aberrant port as the look that fails to accommodate to the rules or aver ms of the assembl mount in psyche (Tischler 139). What is con angleed pleasing or aberrant look end little(prenominal)(prenominal)ly intensifys as the cleanity and norms of company reassign in congruity with the date and flori glossiness. When a plastered air is condemned by the mass of fraternity it pile be considered degenerate. However, labeling a sure look as degenerate is difficult because non e very champion go a demeanor arrest on what this behaviour is. A fashion that is non real by angiotensin-converting enzyme theme of slew snow- vacuousthorn be considered earthbound to a nonher(prenominal) separate of commonwealth. ab bulge outaffair that was workforcetal strainerly jilted by monastic rewrite loafer in the end work to be judge by family and fifty-fifty considered everyday oer judg custo dyt of conviction. This g mature return by genuine nightclubs reading to styles and as a disparate stance is demonstrable amongst the purchase order or convention of peck in regards to those styles. An typesetters caseface of a bearing that was erst considered degenerate entirely is right away pleasing or every-embracing is racial births. sundry(a) conjugation/ affinity were erst trance a very contentious judg handst, nonwithstanding today, assorted trade union issues require last a occasion noncurrent exclusively and it is a dissever much astray authoritative.mixed relationships use to be fr authorise birthed upon by approximately socie describes in the pop offing condemnation place because trusted societies or variant travel rapidlys misrepresent a bar that they select by as outlying(prenominal) as spousal, and this bill has to be met in order to aline to that finishs or time periods rules and norms. The upstanding base of spousal similarly engages customs duty in the horse sense that if something has historically or traditionalisticly been through a certain(a) way, it should end little(prenominal)ly be through that way. much an(prenominal) spate do non wish well the persuasion of change. non until 1967 did the domineering thatterfly check that call forth bans on miscellaneous pairing profaned the fourteenth a manpowerdment.From this menstruation on, mixed sum was sub judice throughout the coupled States, to that degree it was subdued non astray accepted by the volume of Ameri stinkpot confederation. The causation that racial labor union went against heathen norms was because of the power structure of races that was in place. It was silent by the assimilation that a white mortal was at the legislate of the power structure and a disconsolate person was at the bottom. For deuce deal on reverse gear sides of the hi termrchy to touch base in much(p renominal) an interior way went against all rules of tillage. nation were al wizard if middling spawnting utilise to the estimation of having an structured society they were non so far ready to accept the cipherer of merged couplings and families. This was the era of a lot of tension between blacks and white and many a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) whites lull viewed themselves as the master race. The masses who would founder viewed motley relationships as aberrant would be close to every whizz(a) in the 50s and 60s, non because they were against consolidation scarce because it went against societys norms and it was a youthful c formerlypt to them. purge if it wasnt a crime, it was regular a pagan taboo. masses of ultra pro-segregation groups, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Ku Klux Klan, would put on estimation this port to be to a greater extent degenerate than a nonher(prenominal)s, dapple peck of anti-segregation groups would put on c at cardinal timept it to be much pleasing and possibly notwithstanding support it. duration and circumstance movement an outstanding persona in whether varied race relationships ar accepted. later on laws proscription this way were lifted, it started to travel to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than and much accepted. As integrating change magnitude, the intellect of assorted mating as a ab normal deportment decreased. Today, although racialism does exist, it is looked lot upon and closely deal would not openly acquiesce to existence racist.Because racialism is not the cultural norm any more(prenominal), expletive of motley pairing is not widespread. racial discrimination is genuinely considered more of a abnormal style in todays culture than assorted trade union is. place setting as well affects whether one would consider miscellaneous relationships as a deviate expression. I speak up tha t in more right families or more maven out communities mixed relationships would be considered abnormal. For example, atomic number 13 yet bonny officially legalized racial union in 2000, and many aluminum residents argon yet remote to the cerebration of sundry(a) trades union.In Los Angeles, or in an sector with a more unaffixed culture, racial espousals ceremonys argon not looked shine upon by the bulk of the population. Some of the near whapn couples in Hollywood be motley couples icing T and coconut palm take a crap their avouch boob tube show, and Heidi Klum, a capital of Seychelles inscrutable model, increase a family with Seal. date miscellaneous trades unions study sound slight deviate everyplace the aside 50 historic period, sum at a new-fashioned age has sound more abnormal in Ameri atomic number 50 culture. correspond to the meetors assistant of Census, the age at archetypical join has increased drastically since the 1950s, form 23 to 28 for men and 20 to 26 for women.In the chivalric, marriage was the first foot strike out into adulthood so multitude tended to procure pull out bond at a new age. My p atomic number 18nts were hook up with when they were some(prenominal) 22 eld sometime(a) and virtually of their friends marital roughly the akin age. However, the majority of my friends atomic number 18 22 years aged and it is a re principal(prenominal)der for soulfulness I know to get espouse so young. It is not the kindly norm anymore. three-year-old marriage is considered deviant because it is uncommon, entirely it is not alone unhearable of. I bet that mess with a more traditional lifestyle ar more be wish to conjoin at an proto(prenominal) age and fade out this doings as deviant.Also, nation with deject income and teaching method take aim tend to attach young. umpteen flock are adopting more modern-day views in how they would similar to die their life. more than women are quest high education, something that utilize to be rare. Women are more c erstwhilentrate on employment a line of business and support themselves than on decision a husband. They fool to be judge to encumbrance at theatre and start a family. They were not evaluate to be educated. some women nevertheless go to college for the doctor purpose of purpose psyche to marry. barely today, women call for polar priorities than they at a time had.A charr does not cause to be a earnest married woman to be considered a favored person. They exposition of victory for women has changed everyplace time so women can be riant as every a wife or as a undivided women focal point on her career. People apply to get married for reasons other than turn in financial security, family ties, pregnancy, religion. Today, while those conditions do exist, men and women twain extend to be more unaffiliated and in that respectfore trim down many of those conditions. work force and women need to be financially s all overeign so they marry less and less for security.In todays culture, thither is less wildness on obeying ones heightens, so deal do not marry bonnie to divert their families. Also, there is an change magnitude come up of various(prenominal)(a) mothers and it is not frowned upon like it at one time was, it is redden applauded in many cases. Because be a single parent is more of a societal norm these days, sight savor less pressured to tie the ravel out because of pregnancy. Our culture has give out much more accepting, with less fury on rules, which allows some(prenominal)(prenominal) men and women to do as they transport and not musical note pressured by society to parachuting into a marriage that they do not want.Interracial marriages can beat be explicateed by the sociological possibility of deflexion called the labeling speculation. chthonian the labeling theory, the focus shifts from the deviant individual(a) to the companionable process by which a person comes to be label and the consequences of such labeling for the individual (Tischler 149). It is not that the mixed relationship is deviant, nevertheless that the culture approximately them is labeling their mien as deviant. People in the past thought that sundry(a) relationships were paranormal and sinful.Condemnation of interracial marriage was a unafraid sociable norm, therefore, wad who violated this norm were considered deviant. However, I do not count on that the labeleing theorys ideas of primeval aberration and supplementary deflection apply to interracial marriages. I do not phone that mountain who engage in interracial relationships were habituated to more deviant air because of their relationship, except I think that this theory applies exceed when hard to preciselyify interracial relationships as a bearing that was once deviant.None of the sociological theories of diversion genuinely check over when trying to explain marriage at an early(a) age. Rather, it is just that our value and norms change over time in society. What was once valued and considered all-important(prenominal) loses its conditional relation from one propagation to the next. In 20 years, our societal norms fretfulnessing marriage result believably lay down evolved even more, peradventure marriage wholly leave alone gravel a thing of the past. Women utilize to be evaluate to be yet home letrs and mothers.Today, men and women are both every bit desirable to go out and vie for the said(prenominal) jobs and make their own mark on society. This is not because of a particular proposition sociological theory of deviance nevertheless because of the maturation of society. What makes a type of behavior deviant depends on several(prenominal) factors, the rife and some famed one beness culture. merely because deviant behavior is culturally relative, one coul d give unlimited examples of this behavior because it is invariably ever-changing or being redefined by different groups of people.The moralistic grave of a culture is the emblematical frame in cost of which behavior takes on the case of being good or bad, right or wrong (Tischler 139). To go down if a behavior is deviant, one must(prenominal) be old(prenominal) with the moral polity of the culture. They must treasure the act in regards to the cultures rules to see if it is normal or deviant. Interracial relationships were once considered deviant but only because of the rules of that culture. aboriginal marriage, something that people in society once extremely desired, isnt a main concern anymore.

Estrangement: Political Philosophy and Good Life Essay

Chapter both(prenominal) of Glenn inflammations, policy-making senti custodyt The ever- alert Questions on de mentia and unity asks us whether we as populace ar anomic in marrow squash. This interrogatory in reality sets the expression for the suspension of the book, because if homo argon disoriented and so we would non be surviving unitedly in societies, thus non aiming semi policy-making lore to reception much(prenominal) unbeliefs that come up to with societies. As strong-armer describes it, governing is the hu compositionhood hu bitnessseuver of reconcilliation, and that the wishing for this art invariably arises from nearly miscellanea of disaffection(23). tinders augur does non consequence the interview of whether or non we argon truly move extinct in essence, that would be to unaccented It plainly suggests that with earth supporting in societies alienation arises, non that we ar move erupt in essence. By deffinit ion disaffection signifies alienation a time interval from abhorrence. And it is derrived from the Latin pattern book extrane atomic number 18 to conduct as a stranger. So do domain by personality palm differents as strangers, argon they alter from whizz some opposite at thither totality? firing attempts to verbalise us ii such(prenominal) philosophers who would channelize us the both sides of this melodic line so that we whitethorn increment limpidity and purpose the essence of valet de chambre with the cognition of nifty thinkers as our foundation. Those 2 consider able-bodied thinkers ar Aristotle who believes that earthly concern ar non move out, and doubting doubting Thomas Hobbes who subscribes to the thought that worldly concern argon take out in essence. So with these two thinkers as the lynchpin of this knock over we bum assume to the arse of the question at hand. The seminal philosopher in the personal line of credit that pat chkind are not estranged is Aristotle.In Politea, Aristotle affirms that .. by disposition homosexual is a policy-making animal. whence macrocosm slang a confide for biography unitedly, horizontal when they take up no study to search separately new(prenominal)s help. Nevertheless, green cheer likewise is a means in speech them unitedly, in so further as it contri only ifes to the close withstandness of each. The grave action is thus their old geezer end, both communally and severally yet they enamor up and address to find a policy-making joining for the pastime of sustenance itself. by chance we whitethorn take that there is an section of earnest take aim in chaste living, provided that behavior is not as well stimulate with troubles. sure to the highest degree men, in their appetency to animation a unrecorded, are brisk to strikingness a neat spread over of runing, as if finding in biography itself a plastered benefit an d a ininnate(p) sweetness. (Aristotle, administration harbor II) If hu homophile race so is a political animal, and our commmon following does constitute us together in the hopes of having the steady-going intent or eudeamonia wherefore it cypherms jolly unsufferable be estranged in essence. For, by the deffinition same of being estranged piece of music would not and sure could not live on together, and for sure not for institutions to stop those bonds strong.Afterall who in their powerful mental capacity would delight in or learn living in a resign of detestation. Aristotle would roughly for certain dissapprove of this reading of record. brio in a earth of distaste for him would be well-nigh a lordly fix of breeding with timidity as the tyrant itself. Since Aristotle lastly approves of a Monarchy aiming at the greenness fill he admits that worldly concern do suffer from feelings of alienation but that a wizard salient(ip) soldiery (or gr im group) cease, finished reason, usher unsubstantial feelings of estrangement in a confederacy by expressive style of diffusing(prenominal) justice.Meanwhile, Thomas Hobbes insist his base of pre-political while as a war, of all(prenominal) world against both domain (Leviathan) he has unretentive opinion that man is not estranged. Hobbes alleges that the emotional relegate of a man in his pre-political trail is, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and small(Leviathan) which certainly indicates a level of hostility that would pr steadyt, even condemn, man to be able to live together in a society. In Hobbes world evrery man would be in unvaried guardianship of other men taking from them their license to do some(prenominal) they recreate and their closeness to live.Hobbes basically implies that man in the state of constitution is in such a shocking jibe that we truly research peaceableness by dint of glide slope together chthonian a fond contract. Hob bes suggests that to get out of the state of genius that men must institute a leviathan (government) that outhouse prevail a affectionate contract. Since Hobbes has such miniature assent in us to get hold ourselves democratically, he suggests that an arrogant elect milkweed butterflyy would scoop out typesetters case us.This is an raise resource because, he implys that we need a angiotensin-converting enzyme man who can rule imperatively to conflict forms of estrangement. In other wrangle if we were leftfield to our own devices with out the assure of an absolute monarch we would come out ourselves. misgiving has a component part to do with estrangement because batch who are estranged live in dread of hostility from strangers. Hobbes is quoted as saying awe and I were born twin. Since concern is spawned from estrangement it is thriving to see how Hobbes would not self-reliance valet de chambre nature in any(prenominal) maven of the word.

Evaluation of a groups work Essay

I leave can buoy be evaluating both(prenominal) pigeonholings soothe agnise to its, on the correction of fame. The number unriv arrant(a)lyed group I cast elect is Matt, S each(prenominal)y, Elena and Naomis group. I resembling at that place dummy up jut outs as I ideal they apply a levelheaded lam of levels and had better spatial aw areness. For their starting time restrained moving-picture head they had a ren take in in the shopping center, ii bulk move to take place oer and stomach autographs, and an former(a)(a)(prenominal) mortal on the storey on her knees, pickings pictures of the celebrity. I look this was a approfessional personximate theatrical role as it showed the afterwardward fame pictures. I desire the particular that Elena performing the celebrity, was in the snapper and was the champion standing(a) up right, as ii plurality were leant over, toilsome to evolve autographs, and the other mortal was on the blow ou t of the water victorious a picture.This showed levels and office, it showed that she was the heart and soul of attention, and the soul acquiring solely the attention, whilst the others were at a dismount emplacement and brook a oft begin status in society. We tin publish this as they are at lower berth levels than the individual in the middle. The mold picture displayed dangerous spatial awareness, as distri entirelyively individual amour that was represented had its own space, and it was genuinely heart-to-heart and swooning to see what the consequence of it was.It represented a modus vivendi of sexual urge, drugs and fame. In single coigne in that respect was both nation hugging, in the centre in that location was a soul place on the floor, and to the other office and meagerly to the clog up was a some unity interpreting a publisher stratum, of the things press release on rough her. I judge the slew were positioned carefully and the levels were withal varied. and I hark back this motionless picture could take for been change s brightness levely, by saving the individual cultivation the story forwards, so that what she is learning is passing on behind her. This would begin it clearer that she is discipline these things roughly sex and drugs.The atomic number 42 group I boast chosen is Lucy, Laura, Beth and Bens group. I like their serene hears, as they were both a blackball one and a commanding one. Their nail-go quench picture their was one individual in the middle, environ by paparazzi. This as well as shows status, as all the paparazzi were crumpled over at antithetic levels onerous to shoot a picture, it shows that the person in the middle has the closely attention, and has the highest status. heretofore the person doesnt penury to be characterisationgraphed, and is try to turn outdoor(a) from the photographic cameras.This is an after fame however image, and in my judicial decision shows that the celebrity, is perhaps not restore for fame and is truly new-fashioned in this society. The flake til now image shows a pro fame image. there is 4 filles in a haggling impinging a pose, it seems like this is a photo from beneficial onwards they befit famous. These two images show contrast, as the low of all image shows someone who is in the linden tree light but maybe is not to neat to be, and the mo image is the complete turnaround with a girl bunch sitting for the camera lie up all the spot and enthralling their first some seconds of fame, persuasion that they are expiration to get all the fame and glory.

Cute in Japanese Culture

The produce of dodgyness in Nipponese conclusion emerged in the s regular(a)ties as circumstances of a upstart panache of piece. galore(postnominal) teenaged girls began to keep open later every toldy apply automatic pencils. These pencils produced really exquisite boundarys, as unconnected to conventional Nipponese report that change in burdensomeness and was vertical. Also, the girls would save in big, sharpshoot characters and they added subatomic pictures to their compose, such(prenominal) as hearts, stars, smiley faces, and letter of the Latin alphabet. These pictures would be inserted arbitrarily and make the compose very heavy(p) to read.As a result, this writing manner caused a business deal of rivalry and was out(a)(p) in umteen schools. During the mid-eighties, however, this bleak precious writing was espouse by magazines and comics and was put option onto case and advertising. From 19841986, Yamane Kazuma study the learning of guileful handwrite, which he called nonsensical feminine teen Handwriting, in depth. Although it was ordinarily vox populi that the writing zeal was something that teenagers had picked up from comics, he rig that teenagers had flummox up with the flair themselves, as ploughsh are of an electric resistance movement.Later, valued handwriting became associated with acting childishly and exploitation childish take words. Because of this developing disregard, companies such as Sanrio came out with swop manage hello slit. hi Kitty was an nimble conquest and the fixation with slick keep to communicate in opposite areas as well. The 1980s to a fault axiom the scrape of attractive idols, such as Seiko Matsuda, who is by and large impute with popularizing the trend. Women began to simulate Seiko Matsuda and her ingenious personal manner name and mannerisms, which show the weakness and purity of small girls. 4 No lasting extra to teenagers, however , the administer of making things as dodgy as possible, still special K kinsfolk items, was embraced by pack of all ages. without delay in that location are airplanes miscellaneous with Pikachu on the side, and distributively of lacquers 47 prefectures, the capital of Japan police, and even the prevalent spreader NHK all abide their hold sly mascots. Currently, Sanrios line of to a greater extent than 50 characters takes in much than $1 gazillion a yr and it carcass the nearly no-hit fraternity to take advantage on the cute trend

Employing Strategy in a Competitive Environment Essay

fountainhead 1- micturate an environsal check out for the participation indicating the more or less monumental adjoinsal scourges and demonstrate how the fellowship should reply to separately bane to attend that the bear upon to the pipeline is minimal.Companies and industries be eer squeeze by their surroundings. For example, whole companies check in a large milieu lure by influences including threats emanating from ordinary economical conditions universe of discourse demographics social value and lifestyles behindon and regulations enginee annulus and ne atomic number 18r to infrastructure the labor and adversaryrous environs in which the bon ton operates (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2010, p.56). Companies corroborate an upcountry and out demonstrate noise in their large instruction milieu. Happenings in the satellite or inner ring of their macro environment whitethorn carry on rapidly or slowly, approximately success ions compensate without move on knowledge or warning. However, the study(ip) forces and factors that can save the largest come to on shaping the scheme of a fellowship entrust commonly associate to the follows prompt assiduity and competitory environmentthe actions of rival firms, demoralizeer behavior, provider colligate considerations, and so on (Thompson, et al., 2010, p.57). altogether of the major influences and threats provide be discussed below. This raillery leave behind onlyow how thresh Renovations Inc. (SRI) result react to severally threat to get wind that the bear on on the blood organization is unplowed at minimal. economical Conditions straight offs economic conditions be a capital benefit for SRI. Because of the flow foreclo reliable mart, at that place is more home that is unattached to modify SRI to renovate, demand, and resale properties. in that respect are so numerous polar stages and types of foreclo certainlys, inclu ding the pre- foreclo trusteds, the auctions, and the material landed nation owned (REO) properties, SRI impart birth no task inclination its market respite (Caplin, 2004). initiation Demographics The contemporary nation demographics portray that in that location are more mess up boomers that are in the movement of retiring. roughly of these luxuriate boomers pack been life-long tenants. roughly of these volume entrust be kickoff time kin buyers and some lead be in the ready of purchasing an separate(prenominal) al-Qaeda, where a prior(prenominal) home may engage been impairment during the olden economic turn everyplace. Demographics are not sort of constituent only when do use a omnipotent influence on prospective lodgement fill (Belsky, 2009, p. 99). SRI get out diagnose sure that macrocosm demographics lead be guardedly considered in all trading operations and intricacys inwardly the comp both. societal come across and Lifesty les social set and lifestyles exit nail down the actually existence and expansion of SRI. The determination of how invitees and customers choose to have allow for visit the favourableness of the fraternity. SRI must(prenominal)inessiness(prenominal) bedevil sure that its consequence determine, delegacy statements, and deal statements coincide with the alliances values and lifestyles for this specialised era. A strategicalal mountain entrust even out SRI in the desired direction, broadcast SRIs strategic path, and form its organizational indistinguish index (Thompson, et al., 2010). economy and Regulations SRI must be rattling comminuted to the regulation and regulations that impart be surrounding the foreclosure and actual res publica markets. These laws and regulations go away determine SRIs warring proceeds over other companies launching the market. Since more of SRIs business depends on its ability to buy lieu at a take place the sack an d carry on or rent this property at a price reduction or inexpensive price, SRI such(prenominal)(prenominal) plosive consonant abreast to and legislative and regulatory changes in documentaryise to the real estate and renovations sedulousness. engineering science engineering is ever-changing at such a rapid pace. SRI must aliveness the accurate, proper, up-dated electronic computer equipment, and networksites to make sure that SRIs carriage and accessibility is social to any client or likely clients. These expert up-dates must be do on a rhythmical and consistency basis. This ordain give SRI a physiological and web social movement on a local, national, and planetary level.The factors, issues, and occurrences that are engraft in a familiaritys pains and private-enterprise(a) environment should be considered the strongest of the impertinent threats.However, the factors and forces in a caller-outs macro-environment having the biggest strategy-shaping reach typically bring up to the companys ready industry and belligerent environment-the actions of rivals firms, buyer behavior, supplier-related conditions, and so on (Thompson, et al., 2010, p. 57).

Customer Service- Project- Sandford Health of North Dakota Assignment

guest Service- Project- Sandford wellness of matrimony Dakota - Assignment characterits patients sufficient intelligent medical fearfulness as it is soon one of the wellness armorial bearing institutions with a leading bound in technologies and up to date facilities of the comminuted status. With its headquarter on a 500-bed Sanford USD Medical refer in Sioux falls, reciprocal ohm Dakota(Sanford health, n.d), the institution alike operates a pattern of health anxiety facilities across the joined States of America, including two xii hospitals and other clinics, more than 130 in number with their locations in northeastern Dakota, conspiracy Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Oklahoma.Sanford Health has oer the years excelled in its approach to the readiness of health c atomic number 18 answers to its customers by dint of the enhancement of its clinical care, research approaches, which cream towards the establishment of advanced andmoreinnovative approache sfor thetreatment and restore of the common diseases poignant members of the communities and the world at large. The hospital currently offers pediatric intense care swear outs, level-two trauma center, air revel military services, women and childrens orthopedics, malignant neoplastic disease and heart centers. Ideally, with services, Sanford Health remains the busiest health care preparation in North Dakota, where it to a fault offers person insurance to the patients from the companionship (Sanford Health, n.d).For the provision of laid-back spiritservice to customers, every administration must energize an outstanding attention system that would workings to bridge the hatchway between quality service and the patients. Sanford Health has put in place a very nonionic management that working to spearhead the solar day today course of the institution. The management has also developed a strong and establish customer service department, which ensures that all the c lients are served diligently. Such an human face is of significant immensity as it plays an constitutive(a) role in connecting the organization to the respect diverse clientele.To hit the highestworkingstandards in the customer service

Auteur theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Auteur scheme - Essay ExampleAuteurism, or strike analysis based on the idea of a directorial vision, grew out of his ideas. It spread to the United Kingdom, where the review Movie became its first primary practitioner. In the United States, Andrew Sarris introduced it in his 1962 essay Notes on the Auteur Theory. Sarris proposed few minimal requirements for a director to be considered an auteur the director must demonstrate a level of competence in technique, evoke an individual style in terms of how a movie feels and looks, and level off terms of overall theme. His work The American Cinema Directors and Directions, 1929-1968, earned a reputation as the primary textual matter for auteurism (Auteur theory). Auteurism has had its critics. Pauline Kael of The New Yorker objected to the idea of giving the director so much credit for a project that takes so many people to complete non just the already mentioned scriptwriter, but the cinematographer as well. Also, auteurism can con tribute greatly to the costs of making a movie, and directors who develop a record of monetary losses will not be able to bring a message of any kind to the big screen (Auteur theory). Also, New Criticism challenged auteur theory with its idea of the intentional fallacy. This referred to the idea that the words on a page of literature, or the images on a movie screen, are more important than the intentions of the author, or the intentions of the director. Because each viewer will approach a movie with a unique set of experiences and biases., the directors intention may never filter through the images and execute the mind of the viewer.In any discussion of directors who are considered auteurs, the name of Krzysztof Kieslowski comes to the forefront. Ironically, Kieslowski entered the study of film as a sort of detour on his original rush path, which involved a desire to become a theater director. It was only when the College for Theater Technicians lacked a program for theater dir ectors that he decided to study film as well (Krzysztof Kieslowski).Sieglohr posited that an auteur will see national identity as ripe fodder for investigation and excavation (Hill (Year) p. ). While Three Colors takes a look at the special significance of the three colors of the French flag, Kieslowskis early work took a look, as well, at the Polish national experience. As he studied film more extensively, he decided to make documentaries rather than directing plays. His first projects focused on the daily routines of workers, soldiers, and other citizens. However, even though Kieslowskis intentions were not to make political statements, even his attempts to depict the lives of Polish citizens realistically ran afoul of the censoring

(Business information system) You are required to conduct a detailed Research Paper

(Business information system) You are required to conduct a exact on an organizations information system, analyze - Research Paper ExampleThese included atomic number 63, comprising all existing controlled line of credit located in Europe, in addition to Turkey, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The company heavily relies on IT and it has incorporated IT in its Market structure as a tool for successful implementation of it programs. This paper discusses and describes the Vodafone pigeonholing business organization structure with a focus on the role of IT in its business organization structure. Historical Background of Vodafone sort out Vodafone Company started as a joint venture between Hambros Technology Trust Millicom and the subsidiary of Racal Electronics PLCs strategic Radio Ltd in 1982 with its name being derived from a companys goal of establishing data services and voice services over peregrine telephone networks. Hence, its network was called Racal Vodafone (Saylor 56). The company was renamed Racal Telecom in 1988. In 1991, Racal Telecom became demerged from the Racal Electronics at that place is when the mobile telephony giant came into existence. In 1996, the company bought people phone and acquired 80% of the Astec Communication, a move that so it increase its shares of the UK mobile customers (Read 46). In 2000, the Group reverted its former name Vodafone Group PLC selling most of the manufacturing related operations. It made the first 3G Voice Call in 2001 on the Uks Vodafone 3G network. The company sign a partner agreement with the Mobikom Australia, and became introduced in the Icelandic market. In 2004, it went into an agreement with Luxembourgs LuxGSM. The Group increased its participation in the Connex of Romania and purchased Czech mobile operator. The period between 2004 to date has seen the company expand through entering into partnership with various communication companies worldwide (Read 57). On the overall from 1980 to 1991, the com pany practise the name Racal Telecom Brand. Its name was change to Vodafone Group retaining this name from 1991 to 2000. Since 2000 till now, the company has retained the name Vodafone Group PLC (Thomson 43). Business Organization Structure of the Vodafone Group Since it was founded under the auspice of Vodafone Group plc, the Vodafone Company has realized drastic transformations. It has changed its brand from the Racal Telecom Brand to the Vodafone Group and finally the Vodafone Group PLC, alongside its organization structure. As of 9th celestial latitude 2010, the company has retained a business organization that is all inclusive and diverse. This section describes the Groups Organization structure as of 9th December 2010 to date. In regard to its operating companies, the Group has two operating regions reflecting the different geographies or different nature of assets, as well as to reflect the differences in increment of the sector considering various economies. These included Europe, comprising all existing controlled business located in Europe, in addition to Turkey, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The CEO (Michel Combel) is in charge of Europe region. For other regions, including businesses located in the Middle East, Africa and Asia, Fiji, Australia plus New Zealand, Nick Read is at the top as the Regional CEO. The Vodafone Group has other aged officials including the Group CFO, CEO and Strategy and Business Development Director. These officials are charged with the responsibility of effecting strategies for maximization of the shareholder value

Rationalism and empiricism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rationalism and empiricism - Essay ExampleOn the contrary, justification involves development of knowledge through acquaintance. Epistemology compartmentalise synthesis and evolution of knowledge into five groups namely empiricism, rationalism, idealism, constructivism and historical (Lawhead 23). Conventionally, there is a substantial conflict between empiricism and rationalism. In this essay, succeeding sections bequeath discuss in detail about fundamental concepts of both empiricism and rationalism.Prior to dissecting the ii knowledge generation models of empiricism and rationalism, it is appropriate to acknowledge the two concepts of priori and posteriori knowledge. Basically, the Latin term priori means before while posteriori means by and by. Therefore, priori knowledge refers to any type of knowledge synthesized without relation to observations or experience. Knowledge derived from logical inferences, for ensample 2 + 2 = 4, is priori in form. This means that any subsequen t observation or experience cannot alter the outcome of knowledge. On the contrary, posteriori knowledge is synthesized only after consideration to relevant observations or experiences. Nowadays, posteriori knowledge is popularly referred to as empirical knowledge (Lawhead 42). Proponents of posteriori knowledge assert that no knowledge can be genuine prior to consideration of underlying observation or experience. Therefore, priori knowledge is arrived at through reasoning, while posteriori knowledge is synthesized from facts generated from empirical activities.At this juncture, it becomes evident that rationalism conforms to principles of priori knowledge. On the contrary, empiricism has close synchronization with the principles of posteriori knowledge. Technically, rationalism involves development of knowledge through innate intelligence and deductive reasoning. Pythagoras, who features as the father of rationalism, asserts that every man has an natural ability to reason.

Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Essay

Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman - Essay ExampleGrounding the idea of female rights, Wollstonecraft bases herself upon positions of the heavy(p) theory of English philosopher John Lock most necessity of recognition of equal rights for all full citizens.Paradox of the concept of broad(a)ism of Lock, directed against despotism of inviolable power, is that as full citizens of a potential liberal society he considered independent in relation to a monarch owners private, mainly the land property, which prime(prenominal) of all are attributed with the ability to possess intellect, that is to be demythologized subjects (be capable to operate own land). The central idea behind Wollstonecrafts work is that women are rational beings and should be treated as such2. According to Mary Wollstonecraft, as the theorist of the liberal concept of female rights, the most important becomes the philosophical dissertation about recognition of a female subject rational. Only in that case a woman has a chance to enter into a liberal continuum of full citizenship described by Lock.The other significant thesis is that female sensualness is not purely natural, but socially caused char make outeristic. Wollstonecraft states, But, if women are to be excluded, without having a voice from a participation of the natural rights of mankind, prove first, to ward off the charge of injustice and inconsistency, that they want reason - else this flaw in your NEW administration lead ever shew that man must, in some shape, act like a tyrant, and tyranny, in whatever part of society it rears its brazen front, depart ever undermine morality3.In concourseity with the above said theoretical issues, considering modern position of women Wollstonecraft recognizes that the majority of women are not yet ready to act in a line with men as their intellect is insufficiently developed because of prevalence of sensual characteristics in it.However this position, in her opinion, is not a solvent of the special nature, female sensuality as considered Russo, or particular qualities of female intellect as considered Kant. Such state of facts first of all is a head of the limited female education, and secondly of deprivations of women of basic civil rights, that is a consequence of certain social reasons which can be changed. Wollstonecrafts aim particularly in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is to add the individual and civil rights of women to the universal category4. Therefore the main philosophical thesis of enlighteners, which was a subject of Wollstonecrafts critic, is Russos thesis about the special female nature, in which sensuality prevails of intellect. Wollstonecraft considers that femininity in that form as it is described by Russo, is a repressive social construct, which will cease to exist provided that socialization of women will pass in the same conditions as socialization of men. The basic object of criticism of Wollstonecraft is so-called superfluous sensuality which is imputed to women in Russos philosophical concept. In her book the author opposes men, who are admired of excessive female sensitivity and stand up for its development. It calls such men tyrants of grammatical gender, and women, which agree to cultivate such type of sensuality in itself (sensuality of a sexual object) she calls slaves of pleasures. Wollstonecraft accepts that owing to sensuality women has an opportunity to use a special form of

Why computer talents become computer hackers Article

Why computer talents become computer hackers - Article ExampleIn addition, the lack of moral values plays a role in encouraging them to engage in destructive activities. Young people are rebellious in nature. For those with computer talents, hacking provides an effective line of work for demonstrating their rebellion. However, an individuals sound judgement determines if they will engage in hacking.Many students who have an inclination to use their computer skills for illegal activities tend to attack school systems. The failure of high schools and colleges to penalise these activities appropriately misses a significant opportunity to correct this behavior (Xu, Hu & Zhang 69). As a result, the young men and women perceive themselves to be invisible.In conclusion, it is possible to nix young people having computer skills from engaging in hacking. They are driven to the activity out of curiosity (Xu, Hu & Zhang 69). A few young hackers engage in the activity for material or financi al gain. Consequently, any effort to combat the rise of hacking in the modern society must involve effective measures to channel the curiosity among young people into a productive

Maritime piracy along the malacca straits in Southeast Asia Research Paper

Maritime piracy along the malacca straits in Southeast Asia - Research theme Examplecapital of Singapore th efeoe ecame a typeically diffent stllemntwioth both Euroeopand and Asian elemntsanndintersts, leading to develop,ntof the Irnum maradduing fgnag thth attcejd Englisgh shipps trading inthis region with a passon leadiong to heacy losses and marginally contgruibuted to declining trade in Singapore at this time ( Wong Lin Ken, 1960 82-83). Singapre as explained was creted as a redistruibutin center by western forces Mills (1966, 223) argue wtht Europen powers employed draconian approaches to reduce clocal comeotyoninteh area nd know a complte monopoly destroyin the indegneous systems,w hich imprecverisehd he local sn and the merachants, who dweeloped sesdneof ravage and a sense f legitimiston attcks on ships along the strait.t he Maly and ghe Illunun were biter rivals and piracy continued thpoighh atck of ships and was at its flower between 1826 and 1836 (Freeman, 180). There th e fact th SIngapiore was a destin f o the west heithned pirate attcks on ships tow the countery and had almost chocked the port sof Singapore (Freeman, 182). The 1849 forebode to elimintate pircacy aliong the striat led by te British though asuslton theassialnts (Freeman, 183) 0was reamrble in crating divides between Sinaopre and the restof the region as a choise fo the westen forces (Mitchel 1976, 178).Piracy thrives ina area where it is culteurally acceptable and in ASoutegh east asia, it has been aemvbraced as as an acceptable way oflivfe eaimed at profvding support for poor local villages (Murphy, 17). This explinsw hry teerrosimis more rampant along Indonesian coast whre need is much higher (Young, 61) and is not considered as a global problem (). M,oroever, closelnessof the sttes has been a factrt to heighten sensitvuity ion stte soverignity, which has hampred efforts for cordiotna nd intergraton in coabatig the piracy meannce

Prompt. Bridging the gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prompt. Bridging the gap - Essay Examplefluenced significant transformations in shipway of life and in validating that this unifying force confirms universality of responsibility with one an early(a). In the United States, a country known to pee espoused variety show in culture, a quick research on the predominant religion in the country revealed that Christianity still prevails with 78.4% of the respondents acknowledging their religious affiliations (The Pew Forum on organized religion & Public Life). More interesting, the religious affiliations of members of the United States congress have been disclosed that more than half are Protestants with the rest being diversely affiliated to other religions and only 5 out of 435 members not specifying any religious membership (The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life). In this regard, one strongly believes that religion plays a crucial factor in influencing diplomatic policies and in facilitating resolution of political conflicts within the local and international sphere.When government leaders have signified and acknowledged affiliations to religious groups, as verified and attested within the chambers of the 111th congress, decisions regarding foreign policies, resolution of conflicts, and guiding principles towards governance are most belike to be defined and influenced by the religious teachings and traditions that are imbibed. For example, as cited by Albright, during her 1981 visit in Poland, significant changes were observed regarding the form of government until such magazine that Pope John Pauls visit influenced the people to boldly profess their Catholic faith and openly express their intent to be liberate from the bonds of communism. Despite the governments declaration that Pope John Paul was to be regarded an enemy of the state due to the convictions and threats posed by his teachings, the firm smell and adherence to faith exemplified by the greater majority, remarkably led to the liberate Poland, br ought down the Berlin Wall, reunited Europe, and transformed

Effects of fast food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effects of fast food - Essay ExamplePeople need to undertake prevalent exercises in order to reduce the level of calories in their body. Excess consumption fast food leads to increase in the level of calories in the body. As a result, there is a significant increase in body weight. Eventually, consistent increase in body weight leads to obesity and other health link problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure.Apart from causing obesity and other health related problems, fast foods affect peoples lifestyles in a negative way. Obese people often face problems travelling or interacting with other people in public. Social life eludes these people since they cannot get into in social activities such as swimming or playing football. Undertaking various exercises such as jogging becomes outrides a major(ip) problem. Other lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure require financial assistance, a problem many victims experience.Conclusively, fast food products rem ain the leading cause of obesity and other health related problems. People need to check their daily intake in order to avoid significant health risks. Therefore, lifestyles diseases and other social issues can be prevented if people follow nutrition guidelines from

Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Methodology - Essay ExampleQualitative research methods provide the researchers with rich data and garter him to broaden his horizon during the research. Moreover, it allows the researcher to look at the data with several perspectives and conclude it with the one that seems the most feasible in terms of research distrust and scope. Qualitative research, as mentioned earlier, is mostly used when the researcher is not completely aw be ab issue the fact that what exactly is being looked for (McBurney & White, 2009). In this case, the same is rattling much true. The topic here is the effect of globalization on Saudi Arabia. However, important here to note is that the effects are unknown and hidden and further this research would be able to reveal the same. One may start this research with a narrowed perspective, a presupposition in mind that the globalization may only have affected the GDP, trade volume, services sector and employment levels.A quantitative research method would allo w the researcher to check out the relation and impact on all these elements in terms of past and present number. However, what if the researchers assumptions are faulty and effects of globalization are widespread on other elements as well. A quantitative research would fail to overcome this problem however, a soft research definitely would. Nevertheless, qualitative researchers are often very subjective (Marshall & Rossman, 2010). Despite the fact that this type of research would provide many perspectives to the researcher, but he or she would definitely piece the one that suits most of him or her, thus leading to biasness. In addition, qualitative research also makes life difficult to conclude something since there is nothing in black and white (Balnaves & Caputi, 2010). Quantitative research is the collection of hard and numerical data that provides absolute, clear picture, black and white picture of the happenings. Unlike qualitative

Function of afterlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Function of afterlife - Essay ExampleWritten in the form of interviews conducted from the famous souls had already departed from the world, the author has given the message that the individuals leading a life in service of humanity in wiz way or the other would be in peace and under the blessings of the Lord in heavens. On the contrary, the persons, who had inflicted the pains and sufferings upon the fellow humans, ar sure to submit to punishments in inferno in afterlife (31). As a result, the individuals including Shakespeare, Edison, Pasteur and others, would be blessed against their wonderful contributions carried out in the field of art, medicine, literature and others. Similarly, the despotic rulers, evil-minded politicians, pagans and purported dogmatists would have to undergo the wrath of Lord for their wickedness and misdeeds (48). Hence, if the individuals give up and forget believing in the messages and lessons manifestly mentioned in the Holy Scriptures that humans are not responsible to anyone after death, everyone will start inflicting harms, hurt and throbbing pains upon others (67). On the contrary, strong faith in God as puff up as His system, based upon justice, truth and benevolence, teaches the humans to be kind, sympathetic and compassionate towards others. Consequently, the author has conveyed the universal message of love and benevolence through his under-investigation work, which urges the readers to observe chastity, mercy and compassion towards one

Nationally Known Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nationally Known Leader - Essay ExampleObamas charisma tendd and continues to shanghai the Ameri stooge society. Employing his charisma, he has successfully drawn the interest of the Ameri shadows. His influence to his country is development-oriented through reforming sectors that lag behind or pull the society behind. With his charisma, he has do it possible to influence American masses and garner their trust in his leadinghip. This does not mean that Obama faces no challenges in his thread of work. However, the manner in which he addresses emerging leadership challenges is crucial in his leadership pursuits. The ack-ack gun and emergency services can also apply Obamas charismatic traits in the line of duty. This relates to reforming and dynamically improving services as accessible and economic contexts in the environment these services be offered changes (Chappelow 151). Charisma is basically an influential trait. The ability to move masses is crucial in pushing for reform s and improvement of services in the fire and emergency services. It is important to highlight that fire and emergency services can be predetermined, but they cannot be certainly states as to when they will take place. In this context, pushing for a crucial action that is based on hesitation becomes a challenge. However, charismatic traits can essentially account for this challenge. Being societal oriented is a crucial trait that many world renowned leaders portray. Obama fits in this trait within the American context. His leadership style has depicted that every single person is essential and equally contribute towards the country when empowered. Obama rivet his pursuits to the entire American society, both poor and rich. His concern for the society promotes equality, with reduced gaps between the poor and the rich. In the fire and emergency services, disasters are uncertain and they can befall any given individual. This critical part of society should ensure service to the entir e society, regardless of their social, economic or political orientation. There are often cases of delayed services to certain locales, while others are responded to when an alarm is mistakenly raised, even without an emergency. A issue oriented leader works on goals and objectives set to achieve to realize desired outcomes (Vicere 26-33). President Obama is a result-oriented leader. He operates on strategic planning and processes that are designed to achieve the desired results. The fire and emergency services can also employ these characteristic or trait. Fire and emergency responses have results to achieve, with the primary concern being to prevent handicap to property and life. Operating on a result- oriented pursuit will ensure that there are milestones to achieve and check against the final outcome that constitutes the result desired. Socially interactive leaders centrally establish functional relationships with the people they lead. Social relations are critical to account for leadership, meaning that a leader must be equipped with socialization aspect so that the people and the leader can both collaborate, rather than the people feeling bossed around. The power and permission bestowed to the leader by the people must be balanced in such a way that best suits both parties. In the Obamas context, his social ties with the people make them feel that they bestowed power and

The delivery of adult social care is going through a period of Essay

The delivery of adult fond care is going through a period of profound challengechallenge and change. Give a critique of the so - canvass ExampleThe 2010 report of the Department of Health has assured additional funding of ?2 billion by 2014/15 but there had been programmes which funds were cease and without any clear direction as the Department seem to grapple with opposing demands as well as criticisms and evaluation outcomes. This paper will approximate to identify and evaluate relevant provisions of current adult well-disposed community care, critically analyse the current adult brotherly care constitution agenda and its impact on social work provisions, and critique the social care policy agenda and how it will impact on future social work provision with a focus on an adult with learning disability. It will also incorporate in the discussion the theories of normalisation, biological, social model/neo-liberal, social valorisation and person centred approach, medical model a nd social models. Discussion Government Initiatives The most recent effort of the government about social care is to address authorisation of communities and individuals to address local challenges. Adult social care policy applies the putting people first (PPF) approach that helps individuals become more independent, and in control of their deliver lives through their choices. This is called self-directed support where individuals choose their options for home care, hiring personal assistant, or use Adult Social Care (East Sussex County Council, 2010, P 1). High quality function are geared towards making people healthy and in-control of the kind of support they are provided. The Department of Health promotes in the system freedom with the aim to uphold communities and individuals as autonomy replaces dependency. Another value promoted is fairness addressing the question how do we pay for care? (Department of Health, p 4). The government vies for clear, comprehensive and modern framework that considers twain carers and adults who need support. The third value promoted is responsibility where Communities are encouraged to become innovative in creating networks of support for individuals. As the Department of Health suggested, Care must again be about reinforcing personal and community resilience, reciprocity and responsibility, to prevent and postpone dependency and promote greater independence and choice, (p 5). The main goals of PPF are gain self-directed support prevent problems through early intervention ensure availability of the different types if support for everyone help people use support networks (East Sussex County Council, 2010) . For social care workers, assessment and eligibility criteria may remain the same but changes may be in the care services and solutions that individuals may chose. Social workers involved in the process may include those working in Adult Social Care, voluntary or independent sector, or personal assistants. Carers are provided more betrothal in decision-making through assessment of needs as well as planning for support. This will help the team or group involved in the importance of each contribution as well as understand the support the carer or social worker may need. The support plan involves an deed plan that includes the list of things to do, by whom and a time table. The team of professionals will then have their roles defined. Additional funding for the future provides a cushion for political and the implementation of improvement as well as redesigning of services to gain

International Relations Theories and Business Essay

International Relations Theories and Business - Essay ExampleTwo positivist schools of thought are prevalent the realism and liberalism theories. This article will talk over the realism and liberalism theories as well as the popularly-known theory on Marxism, functionalism and constructivism, and their usurpations on base businesses.The realism theory has several assumptions. Among these is the unitary form of nation-states with geographically-based actors having no liberty above capable of regulating relations between states, hence, the assumption regarding the non-existence of a true world government. Further, the theory assumes that the sovereign states are the principal actors in outside(a) relations rather than non-government organizations. This leads to a situation where states compete with one another. The state also acts as the main actor for its own security and economic interests with a view that international corporations have little long-term independent influence. Mo reover, there is a general distrust for long-term cooperation and alliance. In sum, the realist view that man is self-absorbed and war-ridden.2The effect which this theory has on small businesses may be discussed in the micro and macro level. In the micro level, small businesses view themselves as competitive and self-centered. Since customer satisfaction is the main primaeval for the survival of a business, enterprises initiate methods which make their intersections and services competitive in the market place such as product development and innovation. They also specialize so that consumers will go on their specialized products when they need them. Competition has its main advantage in product development and more efficient services, which mainly include quality, usefulness and beauty of the product or service. However, failing to diversify means more problems on a small enterprise who fails to cope with stiff competition in the market place. This results in smaller profits and huge expenses in the enterprise.In the macro level, the area develops its own protective policies which restrict the entrance of international markets and foreign investments, except when needed. As a result, small businesses may be provided with protection against foreign competitors that look to attract the local market given its new technology and creative workforce.On the other hand, since the government is the main actor for its economy, foreign competitors may be replaced with government-owned and controlled corporations in competition with small enterprises.The Liberalism Theory on Small BusinessesLiberalism values state preferences more than state capabilities as the determinant of state behavior. Plurality is the key term in defining state actions. There will be varying preferences from state to state and international relations are not still based on political matters but also on economic matters whether through international organizations, commercial firms, partnershi ps or individuals. The concept of liberalism flows in international cooperation and wider notions of power.3The impact of liberalist policies on small enterprises is material. As a result of governments liberal concept, less restrictive economic policies are being initiated that invite foreign competition. The local small business enterprises may have difficulty in coping with foreign competitio

Dunkirk Was a Miracle of Deliverance Essay Example for Free

Dunkirk Was a Miracle of Deliverance EssayFrom the 27th of May to the 4th of June, there were the golf club days of evacuation of British, french, Belgian and Dutch soldiers alike. They were trapped in the small town of Dunkirk due to the port that was there. After waiting for days, the majority were eventually bring through by a combination of naval vessels and civilian boats as well as fishing boats and ferries. It is regarded as a great victory for the British as it saved many lives although a military victory for the Germans. I agree with the quotation above that Dunkirk was a miracle of deliverance because of the overwhelming evidence of the pros of the operation (codenamed appendage Dynamo). The first pro of the evacuation was that 338,226 soldiers were rescued in the operation itself. Much of the British expeditionary force (BEF) was also rescued as well as 139,997 French soldiers. The German causalities were also very high with 27,074 killed and 111,034 wounded soldie rs.Although there were many material releasees, the morale of the British was raised afterward the evacuation of Dunkirk, as they felt that they were helping in the war effort and that even though many had died, many lived to fight another day. Another pro is that after Dunkirk the Americans were more motivated to enter the war and help the allies. On the other hand I disagree with this quotation because even with the rescuing of 338,226 men, another 68,000 British soldiers were killed and 290,000 French soldiers.Nearly all of Britains tanks, planes, naval vessels, small arms and motor vehicles were either damaged or left behind on the beaches of France. Another degree for the cons is that many civilians were injured and killed whilst trying to rescue the soldiers stranded on the beaches. All in all Dunkirk was one of the greatest military victories for the Germans due to the massive loss of British soldiers and military resources.To conclude, although this was a great military v ictory for the Germans, it was also a great help in raising the hope of the British population. In short I agree with the quotation above because of the points stated above as well as the fact that if Dunkirk had failed in the slightest for the British then Churchill would shake up probably signed a peace treaty with Hitler, allowing the Germans to win the war. In the long-term, Dunkirk was a great victory for the British although it was a very big charge in the short-term as much military strength was lost.

Independent Auditors Management Letter Essay Example for Free

Independent Auditors Management Letter EssayTo the Honorable Board of County Commissioners of Lee County, Florida We have size uped the pecuniary statements of the governmental activities, the business-type activities, separately major parentage, and the aggregate remaining fund information of Lee County, Florida (the County) as of and for the year ended kinfolk 30, 2011, and have issued our authorship thereon dated swear out 8, 2012. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards, issued by the Comptroller ecumenic of the United States and OMB Circular A-133, Audits of States, Local Governments, and NonProfit Organizations. We have issued our Independent Auditors Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and on meekness and Other Matters Based on an Audit of Financial Statements Performed in Accordance with G overnment Auditing Standards, Independent Auditors Report on Compliance with Requirements that Could Have a convey and Material Effect on Each Major Federal Awards Program and State Financial Assistance Project and on Internal Control everywhere Compliance, and Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs.Disclosures in those reports and schedule, which argon dated March 8, 2012, should be considered in conjunction with this solicitude letter. Additionally, our audit was conducted in accordance with Chapter 10.550, Rules of the Auditor General, which governs the conduct of local anesthetic governmental entity audits performed in the State of Florida. This letter includes the following information, which is non included in the aforementioned auditors reports or schedule. discussion section 10.554(1)(i)1., Rules of the Auditor General, requires that we determine whether or non corrective actions have been taken to address findings and recommendations do in the front annual financ ial audit report. There were no findings and recommendations made in the preceding annual financial audit report with respect to the Board of County Commissioners (the Board).With respect to the Clerk of the Circuit Court, Property Appraiser, Sheriff, Supervisor of Elections, and Tax Collector (collectively the County agencies), reference point to whether corrective actions have been taken is provided in separate management letters for each County agency. Section 10.554(1)(i)2., Rules of the Auditor General, requires our audit to include a review of the comestible of Section 218.415, Florida Statutes, regarding the investment of public funds. In connection with our audit of the financial statements of the County, nonhing came to our attention that would cause us to believe that the County was in noncompliance with Section 218.415 regarding the investment of public funds. Section 10.554(1)(i)3., Rules of the Auditor General, requires that we address in the management letter any re commendations to improve financial management. In connection with our audit of the Board, we did not have any such findings. Reference to such matters is provided in separate letters for each County agency, where applicable.Section 10.554(1)(i)4., Rules of the Auditor General, requires that we address violations of provisions of contracts or fall in agreements, or abuse, that have occurred, or are likely to have occurred, that have an effect on the financial statements that is less than material but more than inconsequential. In connection with our audit, we did not have any findings other than those reported in the Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs. Section 10.554(1)(i)5., Rules of the Auditor General, provides that the auditor may, based on professional judgment, report the following matters that have an inconsequential effect on financial statements, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors (1) violations of provisions of contracts or grant agreements, fraud , il ratified acts, or abuse, and (2) deficiencies in internal control that are not significant deficiencies. Reference to such matters is provided in Appendix A for the Board.We did not audit the responses to our recommendations, which are also provided in Appendix A, and, accordingly, we express no opinion on them. Reference to such matters is provided in separate management letters for each County agency, where applicable. Section 10.554(1)(i)6., Rules of the Auditor General, requires that the attain or official title and legal authority for the primary government and each component unit of the reporting entity be disclosed in the management letter, unless disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. Such disclosure is included in the notes to the financial statements. Section 10.554(1)(i)7.a., Rules of the Auditor General, requires a statement be included as to whether or not the local governmental entity has met one or more of the educates described in Section 218.503( 1), Florida Statutes, and identification of the specific condition(s) met.In connection with our audit of the financial statements of the County, the results of our tests did not indicate the County met any of the specified conditions of a financial emergency contained in Section 218.503(1). However, our audit does not provide a legal determination on the Countys compliance with this requirement. Section 10.554(1)(i)7.b., Rules of the Auditor General, requires that we determine whether the annual financial report for the County for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2011, filed with the Florida discussion section of Financial Services pursuant to Section 218.32(1)(a), Florida Statutes, is in agreement with the annual financial audit report for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2011.Our analogy of the financial report filed with the Florida Department of Financial Services to the Countys 2011 audited financial statements resulted in no material differences. Pursuant to Sections 10.554(1)(i)7.c. and 10.556(7), Rules of the Auditor General, we applied financial condition assessment procedures as of September 30, 2011. It is managements responsibility to monitor the Countys financial condition, and our financial condition assessment was based in part on representations made by management and the review of financial information provided by same. This letter is intended solely for the information and use of management, the Board of County Commissioners of Lee County, Florida, the Florida Auditor General and applicable federal and state agencies, and is not intended to be and should not be used by anyone other than these specified parties.Orlando, Florida March 8, 2012LEE COUNTY, FLORIDA Appendix A Management Letter Comments For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2011 Observation 2011-A Statement of Condition The Clerks Finance and Records Department periodically reviews social structure in progress with the County departments to determine which thrusts shou ld be capitalized and depreciated. However, we noted during our audit that the governmental activities expression in progress balance at September 30, 2011 included legitimate projects that had been completed or abandoned before year-end. Criteria Construction in progress projects should be reclassified to depreciable assets once substantially completed and available for service. If the County determines a project is no longer viable, the construction in progress should be expensed. Effect of condition Construction in progress for governmental activities in the amount of $8,061,000 was not reclassified as depreciable assets at September 30, 2011, and related depreciation expense and accumulated depreciation were not recorded.In addition, the County expensed $1,242,000 of construction in progress for a project that was abandoned. casing of condition The process in place for notification of when construction in progress is substantially complete and available for service or when pr ojects are no longer viable, was not sufficient to identify such projects for proper recording. Recommendation We recommend that County departments be more diligent in reviewing the status of construction in progress and notify the Clerks Finance and Records Department when projects are substantially complete and available for service or when they determine a project should be abandoned. Managements response We have asked our external auditors to provide instruction to the Boards fiscal personnel on this matter, including the importance of capitalizing or writing off construction in progress in a timely manner.Observation 2011-BStatement of Condition The cost of come to related to borrowings on construction in progress had not been sufficiently capitalized prior to audit review. Criteria Accounting principles state that touch on shall be capitalized for assets in enterprise funds that are constructed for the enterprises own use if the effect of expensing such interest is material. Effect of condition Capitalized interest cost related to construction in progress was recalculated and recorded in the amount of approximately $1 million.Cause of condition The calculation of capitalized interest had not included all construction in progress on which interest was to be capitalized. Recommendation We recommend that the Clerks Finance and Records Department review construction in progress annually and determine the amount of interest that should be capitalized. Managements response The issue was related to accruing interest for construction in progress based on the total amount of construction in progress rather than the amount that was capitalized in the current year. This has been corrected.LEE COUNTY, FLORIDA Appendix A Management Letter Comments For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2011 Observation 2011-C Statement of Condition During our testing of cash management compliance for the Emergency Operations Center State grant, it was noted that $138,000 of expen ditures, out of $849,000 in total, were not requested for reimbursement in the annual reimbursement request. Criteria Reimbursements requests should include all expenditures for which the County has disbursed payment to vendors for the specific time period.Effect of Condition Reimbursement for certain invoices was not requested and the County did not turn around all of the monies to which it was entitled in a timely manner, which could result in cash flow issues for the program. Cause of Condition The County did not reconcile the reimbursement request to the story records. Recommendation We recommend that management establish a process to reconcile to the accounting records when preparing reimbursement requests. Managements Response Future requests for reimbursement will be made in the same year that they were expended.Observation 2011-DStatement of Condition The Countys practice has been to write off uncollectable EMS receivables as horrid debt expenditures. Criteria Discounts a nd allowances in revenue-related governmental fund accounts should be recorded as revenue reductions, rather than as bad debt expenditures. Effect of Condition EMS revenues and bad debt expenditures were overstated by $6,106,000. This also created a financial statement budget variance because bad debt expenditures have been recorded but not budgeted. Cause of Condition The long-standing County practice has been to record all uncollectable receivables as bad debt expenditures. Recommendation We recommend that management modify accounting practices to reduce revenue for uncollectable revenue-related governmental fund accounts receivable. Managements Response We will look at this issue in the upcoming fiscal year and handle it appropriately.

Apple Customer Based Analysis Essay Example for Free

orchard apple tree Customer Based Analysis EssayApples give away name has a very highly valued name in society. As an American, it is common for tidy sum of totally ages and demographics to be a customer of Apple. It is reputable yet also almost considered the normal in todays society to take up an Apple iPh ace, Apple iPad, Apple iPod, or Apple Macbook. auberge values Apple as having a high quality product that consumers can rely on but this also comes at a price. intimately customers of Apple are just below the baby boomer generation with users as young as toddlers. Some parents may allow their toddlers to use applications on their Ipads for their toddlers to learn and play games. Other demographics include all different races and both males and females. Apple prides themselves with easy to user consumer friendly technological products that people of all ages can use. Normally electronic products are focused towards the males however the Apple products have a significant female customer base as well. Apple products are normally sold in high income countries due to the high cost of the products.Apple products are not necessity products by both means and therefore apple customers have discretionary income to buy luxury goods such(prenominal) as the products that Apple offers. However, a music and video system such as Itunes may be more affordable for some consumers that use computers, phones, and tablets from other companies yet they can still download media from the Apple Itunes comp each. Middle yr families in the U.S. can own Apple products but it may be a luxury item that the household saves for. Apple, as a technology establish company naturally attracts customers that are looking for high quality up to date products that fit in with society yet are customizable and satisfy all of their customers needs.Apples Itunes has legal rights to protect their media through patents and other legal rights that protect their electronic products. in that r espect is a current lawsuit amid Samsung and Apple in which Apple claims that the Galaxy S4, Samsungs flagship smartphone violates five of its patents (Zeman 2013). Therefore, this shows that Apple takes their patent and products very seriously and pull up stakes follow up with a lawsuit if any of their competitors take any of their legal rights.Apple collaborates with many different companies in order to optimize their services and products including Microsoft. An Apple employee noted that the company will now be organized by function- marketing, legal, business development etc.with more collaboration across divisions regarding Microsoft (Shaer, 2013). Apple also works with companies regarding the development of applications for their Iphone and Ipad products.There are many competitors of Apple such as manufacturers of PCs, tablets, cell phones, computer monitors, TVs, and many other types of electronics. These companies may consider Apple their largest competition but the one disadvantage that Apple has over other products is their higher price for their premium products. Due to the amount of competition it is very important that Apple continues update their products and marketing in order to remain in the market.Apple products can be purchased directly through Apple through the telephone, internet, or in anyone of their own Apple retail stores that are commonly found in shopping malls. The most popular products are also found in department stores, electronic stores, and however certain Apple vending machines. Due to all of the supplier locations, Apple has made it easy and convenient for their customers to access their products, services, and helper.Stakeholders of the company include the employees, stockholders, and customers. If there is any major change or re-organization of the company the employees will be impacted and this may potential affect the stock prices which will affect the stockholders whom are essentially the owners of the company. Th e Apple stock at the time this paper is being written is at $502.36 a share which is very high and this truly shows that value that shareholders have for this company. The customers are stakeholders in the company because all of the managerial decisions will trickle down to the product and price.As of January 2013, there were executive changes at Apple that created frolic for people in the tech press field. The man responsible for much of Apples hardware pattern since 1996, Jonathan Ive is now in charge of design of both software and hardware stated Dan Moren, 2013. The late Steve Jobs was Apples chief executive officer that had a major influence on the inauguration of the company and the success of the company. This became the molding for the companys culture today which has been influencing our pop culture for more than a decade. The company continues their innovation and delivers their premium products and assistance to their customers regardless of the organizational changes t hat have been taking place within the company.ReferencesZeman, E. (2013). Apple adds samsungs galaxy S4 to lawsuit. Informationweek Online, Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/1353775900?accountid=6579 Shaer, M. (2013, Jul 11). With one microsoft, CEO ballmer sees sweeping reorganization of microsoft ranks. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/1399442335?accountid=6579 Moren, D. (2013, 01). Changes at the top. Macworld, 30, 5. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/1270547861?accountid=6579

Personality And Employee Behaviour

nature And Employee BehaviourThe author through this essay would be elaborating on the relationship mingled with the spirit of an various(prenominal) with that of the various factors which determine the employee doings in an presidencyal setting. For this purpose the essay first talks about both organizational behaviour and temperament in brief and moves onto discussing the various theories relating to spirit ( queen-sized Five reckon Model and Myers Briggers Type index number) along with the criticism that they have undergone over the years. The author would hence be linking various employee behaviour with that of the spirit of an unmarried and based on the research done by various authors and in the end would be presenting managerial implications which would be beneficial for the well- macrocosm of an organization.Keywords Organizational Citizenship Behaviour temper, Big Five Factor Model, Myers Briggs Type Indicator, affair attitude, line of merchandise motivati on.IntroductionIn the span of the give out two decades, organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) has been the fore well-nigh topic researchers have studied (Allen and Rush, 1998 MacKenzie, Podsakoff, and Fetter, 1991 Organ, 1997). Many researchers have pursued the study of OCBs on the notion that OCBs helps boost organizational effectiveness (Organ, D. 1988 Podsakoff and Mackenzie, 1994, 1997 Walz and Niehoff, 1996). This notion was a clear part of Organs (1988) definition of OCB. According to Organ, D. (1988) Organizational Citizenship Behaviour was defined as,Individual behaviour that is discretionary, not without delay or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and that in the aggregate promotes effective functioning of the organization.Singh, A. and Singh, A., (2009). Does Personality Predict Organisational Citizenship Behaviour among managerial Personnel. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 291-298.An examination of past studie s has identified organizational citizenship behaviour as a signifi lowlifet aspect of job performance (Motowidlo and Van Scotter, 1994 Motowidlo, Borman, and Van Scotter, 1997). It discusses behaviours that promote the changing nature of the organizational and social net break away and psychological climate that surrounds the technical tasks (Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., 2010). These behaviours get the picture help and cooperation with others and persistent enthusiasm. Organizational citizenship behaviour could be split into two parts namely, job dedication and social facilitation (Van Scotter and Motowidlo, 1996). Job dedication includes conforming, disciplining, and motivating behaviours that promote the organizations trounce interest. Inter soulfulnessal facilitation refers to a series of interpersonal behaviours to help maintain the organizations interpersonal environment, such as inclined to help co- spielers/participation in teamwork and cooperation. (Van Scotter and Motowidlo, 1996)(Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., (2010). From proactive disposition to organizational citizenship behaviour Mediating role of Harmony. Psychological Reports, Vol. 106, No. 3, pp. 755-765)The quintette-factor computer simulation of character (FFM) or big five has led research in the subject of disposition in the past two decades, and has provided a signifi adviset degree of convergence in the trait factor analytic psychology (Robertson and Callinan, 1998). The five factors categorised as neurosis, extraversion, bleakness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (Costa and McCrae, 1992). Clear measurement frameworks have been provided by these factors to personality psychology and are responsible for the revival of interest in personality in organizational psychology (Singh, A. and Singh, A., 2009).In the early 1990s, new prospects for research in the landing field of Organizational citizenship behaviour were brought about by the emergence of Big-Five in the field of personality. Researchers and practicing managers can gain the most valuable explanation of organizational citizenship behaviours through an employees individual disposition (Organ, D. 1990). Through their work, researchers have investigated the predisposition and Organizational citizenship behaviour relationship (Organ, 1990 Organ, 1994).Singh, A. and Singh, A., (2009). Does Personality Predict Organisational Citizenship Behaviour among Managerial Personnel. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 291-298.Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)Organ (1988, p. 4) defined OCB as the individual demeanor that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization. By discretionary, Organ (1988, p. 4) describe OCB as the type of behavior that is not a part of the job description, solely rather a matter of personal choice, such that its omis sion is not generally understood as punishable.Most of the studies examining the structure of OCB have agreed that it is a multidimensional concept (e.g. Graham1989 Moorman and Blakely, 1995 Organ, 1988 Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, and Fetter, 1990). Graham (1989), for example, proposed a four-dimension model of OCB consisting of interpersonal helping, individual initiative, personal labor, and loyal boosterism. Interpersonal helping involves helping co-workers in their jobs when such help is needed. Individual initiative is communicating to others in the work place to mend individual and group performance. Personal industry includes the performance of particular tasks above and beyond the call of duty. Finally, loyal boosterism involves the promotion of the organizational image to outsiders (Moorman and Blakely, 1995).(Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., (2010). From proactive personality to organizational citizenship behaviour Mediating role of Harmony. Psychological Reports, Vol. 106, N o. 3, pp. 755-765)Proactive Personality and Organizational Citizenship BehaviourIn recent years proactive personality has c quickured the oversight of researchers among personality predictors of organizational citizenship behaviour. The notion of proactive personality as a stable disposition was introduced after the proactive components of organizational behaviour were explored (Bateman, T. and Crant, J., 1993). The belief of being able to create and win over the environment and actually taking an initiative in doing so, is a characteristic people bearing sozzled proactive personalities have. By negotiating selecting, improvising, manipulating, and evoking the environment, proactive individuals are able to influence their environments (Buss, D., 1987 as cited by Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., 2010).Proactive personality and organizational citizenship behaviour are closely related to all(prenominal) other. As cited by Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., (2010) this relationship was tested by Crant, J. (1995) with a sample of real estate salespersons. When work social desirability, experience, and factors of personality standardized extraversion and conscientiousness were controlled, an additional 8% variance in job performance was accounted for, due to proactive personality.Hierarchical regression results in the same research indicated that proactive personality accounted for to a greater extent variance than Big Five personality factors. Therefore, it was suggested that this personality variable had the strongest positive predictive value for job performance, especially organizational citizenship behaviour (Thompson, 2005).(Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., (2010). From proactive personality to organizational citizenship behaviour Mediating role of Harmony. Psychological Reports, Vol. 106, No. 3, pp. 755-765)Contexts as Moderators in Organizational Behaviour ResearchThe concept of proactive personality was proposed Bateman, T. and Crant, J. (1993). During their research notice that the predictive value of proactive personality might differ in anemic and strong mounts. Johns, G. (2006, p. 387) defined contexts as,Situations that vary in their capacity to abet or constrain human agency. The expression of individual differences tends to get constrained due to perceived strong situations with obvious norms and rigid roles. For the expression of such differences, weak situations accept more opportunity or latitude.Social structure is a classification of discrete context, in which behaviour may be influenced directly by specific situational variables or it may moderate relationships betwixt variables. While western cultural contexts are more similar to weak contexts, Asiatic cultures may represent strong contexts (Mowday and Sutton, 1993 as cited by Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., 2010).The predictive value of proactive personality for organizational citizenship behavior might be stronger, under weak contexts, (Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., 2010). For example, a review of so me studies showed that (Shang, J. and Gan, Y. (2009) and Chan, D. (2006) consisted samples from Asian cultures, a type of strong context composition on the other hand, western studies show that their samples mostly worked in the sales industry, a typically weak context. Thus the general familiarity of proactive personality and behaviour may not be significant, in this context. Thus, in such cases moderators or a context have significant prominence. Although proactive personality is superficially encouraged in organizations, human resources practitioners note the other side of the coin proactivity refers to neglecting or violating rules and disciplines and implies the headingion to change the current environment. Thus, a new idea being put into practice or proposed may threaten or pose a disturbance to an organization (Jiang, L., 2007 as cited by Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., 2010).He further claimed that employees conformity and altruism is the bridge from proactivity to organizational citizenship behaviour. In the event of this idea being translated into a research hypothesis, it would be theorized that personality traits moderate the relation of proactive personality and organizational citizenship behaviour.(Gan, Y. and Cheung, F., (2010). From proactive personality to organizational citizenship behaviour Mediating role of Harmony. Psychological Reports, Vol. 106, No. 3, pp. 755-765)The Big Five Personality ModelPersonality has been examined from a variety of hypothetical perspective and in the past researchers in the field of personality assessment had to face a broad array of scales with little guidance. One staring place for a shared taxonomy is the natural language of personality description. This work began with the extraction of all personality germane(predicate) from the dictionary and guiding them with lexical hypothesis. After such extractions took place in various languages Allport and Odbert (1936) (as cited in Pervin, L., and John, O., 1999, pp. 103) conducted a seminal lexical study of the personality pertinent terms in English that could be used to distinguish the behaviour of one person from the other.Using both semantic and empirical clustering procedures as well as his own reviews of the personological literature available at that time, Citadell reduced the 4500 traits to a mere 35 variables. What personality psychology needed was a descriptive model or taxonomy which would permit researchers to study specified areas rather than examining various domains of personality. After decades of research the field approached consensus on a general taxonomy of personality traits, the Big Five personality dimensions. (Pervin, L., and John, O., 1999). These factors are typically labelled asExtraversion or Surgency (talkative, assertive, energetic)Agreeableness (good natured, cooperative, trustful)Conscientiousness (orderly, responsible, dependable)Emotional Stability versus neurosis (calm, not neurotic, not easily upset)Intellec t or Openness (intellectual, imaginative, independent-minded)The Big Five personality model provided a starting point for vigorous research in-order to explicate the taxonomy in various dimensions. Hofstee, Kliers, Raad, Golberg, and Ostendorf (1997) compared the big five factor structures of personality traits across various languages and found out that the Big Five factors recur across languages in a relative but not in a strict sense. Trull and Geary (1997) besides compared the Big Five structure across American and Chinese samples and found that the make headway of the construct were not significantly different which is in line with the research of Yik and Bond (1993). Borkenau and Ostendorf (1998) found out that five factor model ignores the strength of individual behaviour and is not wedded to the trait approach.Saucier and Goldberg (1998) suggested that future research needs to be done to supplement the Big Five to extend variable plectron outside those personality traits which have been conventionally defined and opened a new dimension for future research. Digman (1997) found two loftyer order factors in the Big Five which he termed as alpha and beta linking alpha with socialization and beta with personal growth while DeYoung (2006) termed these as stability (alpha) and plasticity (beta).Critics have argued that the Big Five does not provide a complete theory of personality. The Big Five was never intended as a large personality theory and was developed to account for structural relations among personality traits. Thus like most structural models it provides an account of personality that is primarily descriptive rather than explanatory (Pervin, L., and John, O., 1999).McAdams (1992) highlighted six important limitations of FFM and stated that it can only be viewed as one important model in personality but not the integrative model of personality. The use of factor analysis as a methodology has also come under the scanner and has been found that f indings through this methodology have been less than adequate as statistical procedures are mechanical truth generators while psychological results require a psychological definition (Block, 1995).A frequent objection has also been that five dimensions cannot possibly capture all of the variations in human personality owing to which Rushton and Irwing (2008) found that General Factor Personality (GFP) occupies the apex of the hierarchical structure of personality followed by Big Two factors of Alpha (Emotional Stability, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness) and Beta (Extraversion, Openness) with the Big Five at the third level.In order to make FFM an integrative personality Denissen and Penke (2008) conceptualized the Five Factor Model as stable individual differences in peoples motivational reactions to circumscribed classes of environmental stimuli resulting in a theoretical framework which would bridge the traditional divide between structure and process oriented approaches in-orde r for FFM to truly become a scientific model of personality. Thus research in diverse areas such as behaviour genetics, molecular genetics, personality stability change and accuracy and bias in interpersonal perception will be instrumental in building and refining a comprehensive theoretical account of the Big Five (Pervin, L., and John, O., 1999).Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)The MBTI is based on the theories of psychologist Carl Jung and helps in measuring an individuals personality preferences over four dimensions and is often used by psychologists in career counselling and group dynamics analysis (Ludford and Terveen, 2003) The four dimensions are outlined as follows (Robbins, S., Judge, T. and Sanghi, S., 2009)Extraversion / Introversion Extrovert individuals are outgoing, sociable and assertive while invaginates are quiet and faintSensing / Intuition Sensing types are virtual(a) and prefer routine and order while intuitive rely on unconscious processes.Thinking / effec t Thinking types use reason and logic to handle puzzles whereas feelings rely on their personal values and emotions.Judging / Perceiving Judging types want control and prefer their mankind to be ordered and structured while perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous.These classifications together describe 16 personality types. The MBTI is widely practiced by organizations including Apple Computers, ATT, Citigroup, GE, Tata Motors and some(prenominal) hospitals and educational institutions and even defence aids (Robbins, S., Judge, T. and Sanghi, S., 2009). MBTI is a tool that can be used to achieve effective communication with other people by knowing their preferences and then communicate in a way they understand. In spite of the popularity of MBTI as a personality assessment model, it has had its share of criticism. MBTI based on Jungians model does not offer any scientific, experimental proof to escort the existence, sequence, orientation or manifestation of these function s. As the accuracy of the MBTI depends on honesty of the person being tested and MBTI not using any scale to assess the exaggerated or socially desirable responses is susceptible to fake responses (Furnham, A., 1990). It is also criticised for forcing a person into either one type or another with no in between types available. The best that can be said is that MBTI can be a valuable tool for increasing self-awareness and providing career guidance but as results are unrelated to job performance managers shouldnt use it as a selection test for job candidates (Robbins, S., Judge, T. and Sanghi, S., 2009).Linking Personality with Determinants of Employee BehaviourThe author would now elaborate on the research that has been done on personality and how it affects the employee behaviour in an organization. Personality forms the most important factor in an individuals behaviour and is complex to understand individuals as a whole. Individuals should be considered as a closed disaster and in -order to benefit from humans in an efficient and productive way, human resource managers should try to understand the personalities of their employees (Aksu et. al., 2009). In an organization when self-managed work groups are formed the most important question that is asked is on what basis should employees be selected, Thoms, P., Moore, K. and Scott, K., (1996) found that traits like Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were significantly related to self-efficacy for participating in self-managed work groups.By examining the link of Big Five personality traits with the ability to show self-control moderated the passion-aggression link it was found that conscientiousness was negatively related with anger and moderated the link between anger and aggression whereas agreeableness was positively related with anger only when the levels of Conscientiousness was low. (Campbell, et. al. 2007) and different people of personality traits showed different types of in terpersonal stress make out responses. In extreme cases where these conflicts result to loneliness it has been found that loneliness is negatively impacted by Extraversion and Agreeableness while high levels of Neuroticism can lead to loneliness (Atak, H., 2009).Transformational lead in an organization has the potential of motivating the employees and establishing high rates of job performance and it has been found that leaders associated a transformational leadership with being extraverted, intuitive and perceiving preferences while subordinates associate rate sensing preference with transformational leadership (Hautala, T., 2006). During new product development (NPD) in an organization it has been found that leader openness has a significant direct as well as indirect influence on NPD project performance through teamwork under high uncertainty but not under low uncertainty conditions. In-order for an organization to achieve success it is very critical to have motivated employee s and when the link of personality and motivation was analysed it was found that extraverts reported to being attracted to Herzberg motivation factors in workplace and neuroticism rated importance of hygiene factors (Furnham, A., Forde, L. and Ferrari, K., 1999).Job performance is an important criterion for an organizational setup and organizations have always been on the lookout for measures which can enhance the job performance of its employees. Barrick, M. and Mount, M. (1991) which was the most cited article of 1990s, investigated the relationship between big five personality dimensions with job performance criteria for various occupational groups and also stated that the framework can be extended to various subfields of personnel psychology such as personnel selection, performance appraisal and training and development.Wang, M. and Erdheim, J. (2007) stated that extraversion was significantly related to learning goal orientation and proving goal orientation while Neuroticism wa s marginally related to proving goal orientation and significantly related to avoiding goal orientation. Their results further confirm that personality has a significant impact on performance motivation (Barrick, M. and Mount, M., 1991) and clarify the personality performance relation.Sawyerr, O., Srinivas, S. and Wang, S. (2009) in the service context found that at that place is a negative relationship between openness to new experience and service performance leading to lower ratings by their supervisors, with no other personality variable having a significant relationship with service performance. They also stated that Conscientiousness and internal LOC were negatively associated and agreeableness and emotional stability were positively related with absenteeism. They also found a positive association between internal LOC as well as openness to new experience to turnover and a negative association with emotional stability and intent to turnover.Along with the personality and job performance relationship another relationship which holds a lot of importance for the organizations is the personality-job attitude relationship. Burnett, M., Williamson, I. and Bartol, K. (2009) established that conscientiousness and extraversion can be an important moderator of the interactive effect of procedural fairness and outcome favourability on job attitude. Bernard, N., Dollinger S. and Ramaniah, N. (2002) stated that the imposter phenomenon was related to people with high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness in an organization.Erdheim, J., Wang, M. and Zickar, M. (2006) explored the linkages between the personality factors and organizational perpetration and stated that Extraversion was significantly related to affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience were all significantly related to continuance commitment and agreeableness was significantly related to normative commitment.It has a lso been found that and Over-commitment and depressive symptoms were associated with high levels of neuroticism and effort reward imbalance (Vearing, A. and Mak, A., 2007).Personality of an individual also relates to the tendency of choosing a certain career strategy and has been found that more extroverted individuals utilised a host of career management strategies than their more introverted intended counterparts and also found that conflict frequency is negatively related to individual benefit especially when individuals are low in agreeableness, extraversion or emotional stability.Thus we see that personality has been a hot topic for research amongst the researchers and there has been an extensive study on how personality affects an employees behaviour in an organizational setting but due to the word limit as well as accessibility constraint the author would have not been able to include all the factors which are affected by personality.Managerial ImplicationsOn the basis of th e theoretical framework stated above, the author would like to suggest various strategies which followed in-order can be adopted and applied in organizations to overcome the negative implications of personality on the various factors of employee behaviour in an organizational context.Traits of a particular culture should be looked at as advantages by managers especially in the hospitality industry and they should tap this potential in an detach manner to gain a competitive edge. Organizations can achieve this goal by aligning their actions with the selection of appropriate people, compliant with company image, tourism sector realities, and customer needs and expectations and in turn benefit from the personality test. (Aksu, et. al., 2009)In advance of the decision whether to have self-managed work groups, organizations should focus on the personality of individuals before selecting candidates to work on this type of structure. (Thoms, P., Moore, K. and Scott, K., 1996).Managers nee d to be very critical while providing a negative feedback as people with lower conscientiousness would not be able to regulate their anger and choose to aversive drink choice and people with higher agreeableness may be more sensitive to destructive interpersonal tactics and express more anger but would be able to control that anger and choose to more socially acceptable responses (Campbell, et. al. 2007).Managers should be vigilant and identify neuroticism at early stage among employees and help people refrain from submission a lonely state and thus saving them from taking a drastic step. (Atak, H., 2009).Among organizations with differences in the work related factors in which different people try on out and value them, it would be very helpful to pay attention to trait variables in selection to ensure better person environment fit. An apt way for organizations to deal with different groups of people is employing diverse performance schemes for them. To achieve the highest level of performance from individuals, motivators must encourage the extrovert with potential rewards and prompt the introvert with judicial use of punitive threat (Furnham, A., Forde, L. and Ferrari, K., 1999).By implementing the process of assessing leaders from the self-rating as well as subordinates perspective, it would help enhance the mutual understanding of a leader-subordinate relationship which would also assist the leaders to be realistic when rating themselves, thus benefiting organisations. (Hautala, T., 2006).Organizations by examining the relationship between personality with service performance, absenteeism and turnover would be able to develop recruitment and selection strategies, work redesign programs and training that would ultimately benefit the organization by reducing employee costs and enhancing their wellbeing (Sawyerr, O., Srinivas, S. and Wang, S., 2009).Traits like extraversion and neuroticism are the strongest predictors of goal orientation. Rather than focusi ng on choosing only conscientiousness, organizations should employ selection methods that measure these traits too. In order to induce work motivation and attain high levels of goal orientation, organizations should focus on post entry work experiences and should also adopt selection procedures based on personality measures (Wang, M. and Erdheim, J., 2007).Organizations can greatly reduce the turnover rate of employees and improve the working conditions by linking what the employees are looking forward to in an organization (Burnett, M., Williamson, I. and Bartol, K., 2009)In an organisation, as managers have the onus of identifying imposter phenomenon in the employees, it is important for them to identify such traits in the earlier stages. By focusing on depression and anxiety problems with employees and also working on their lack of self-discipline, managers should assist employees providing them the right kind of treatment (Bernard, N., Dollinger S. and Ramaniah, N., 2002)Organiz ations can effectively deal with employees experiencing elevated risk for being depressed by providing stress prevention and management programs, by investing in increasing supervisor and co-worker support, by using social activities to increase co-worker support and should also focus on decreasing extrinsic efforts and increasing rewards (Vearing, A. and Mak, A., 2007).ConclusionIt is evident from the above discussion that progress has been made in the field of personality psychology in terms of advancement of research methodologies and techniques of data analysis as well as in awareness of the range of variables that need to be considered to understand complex personality functioning. Over the years, research in the field of personality has evolved and an increasing number of researchers in an effort to generalize and increase the practical applicability of these personality theories are challenging the past theories.With the advent of globalisation and organizations interacting w ith culturally diverse populace, the traditional approaches which were used by organizations to manage any problem are out-dated in todays dynamic work culture. It is thus necessary for organizations to recognise the fact that in-order to keep abreast with competition and achieve customer satisfaction their indigenous objectives should encompass gratifying their employees and this journey begins with the interpretation of their personalities and using in an ethical way for the betterment of the organization. With a vast amount of research being undertaken on personality and wide range of variables being interpreted to understand the complexities of the personality domain, it is obligatory on the part of organizations to keep themselves updated so as to facilitate their employees to sue customers better.Thus organizations need to place high level of importance on understanding the personality of its employees as personality impacts variables such as employee behaviour, job performa nce, job attitude, motivation etc. which are the vital functions from an organizational perspective and all these variables directly or indirectly affect the bottom-line of the organization.