Mexican Immigrants And The United States - 1602 Words

Immigration Born on September 5, 1967 in Mexicali, Mexico Guadalupe Ramirez was the first born child of her parents. The state she was born in is a small border town that connects to the California border. She was born into a lower class family that was struggling to make ends meet and at the age of five she migrated to the United States with her mother. During this period of time there was a large influx of Mexican migration to the United States that began in the early 20th century. There was a large demand for labor in the United States and the Mexican economy was struggling due to the political chaos that was taking place in Mexico in the 1960’s. In the 1980’s Mexican immigrants are the largest immigrant population in the United States. According to (Jie Zong and Jeanne Batalova) Mexicans accounted for 28 percent of the country’s 41.3 million foreign born. (citation) Guadalupe migrated from Mexicali, Mexico to El Monte, California where she was surrounded by other Mexican immigrants. During 1970 El Monte, a city in the San Gabriel Valley, had reached 69,837 which was the largest growth of the decade. The white population that had once been a majority of this city had moved to other nearby cities in the San Gabriel Valley. This was a post-Vietnam war period where many young Latinos had lost their lives in the war and gangs proliferated (citation). She remembers being surrounded by Latinos in her community and gang violence being prevalent in her neighborhood. During herShow MoreRelatedMexican Immigrants And The United States Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesColombian immigrants are relative newcomers immigrating to the United States, their figures began to increase greatly during the last few decades. â€Å"By 2008, Colombians were the largest South American immigrant group in the United States, accounting for nearly thirty percent of all South Am ericans in the country† (Murnan). Like many of the other Latin American countries, Colombia’s political instability has played the biggest role in motivating people to leave the country and immigrate to the United StatesRead MoreMexican Immigrants in United States Essay3845 Words   |  16 PagesMexican Immigrants in United States It is clear that the US is finding the constant flow of would-be Mexican immigrants an increasing problem, as is shown by the fact that their Border Patrol budget increased by 180% between 1993 and 1998, to reach a total of $4.2 billion by 1999. The USA will be employing 11,000 people to guard the border by September 2002, and 17,000 by 2008. But why does America see Mexican migrants as such a problem? And why do so many people considerRead MoreImpact Of Mexican Immigrants On The United States Society1545 Words   |  7 Pages1102 (03) 31 October, 2017 Impact of Mexican immigrants to the United States society Americans are celebrating their identity and heritage as well-known nation for immigrants especially the Mexicans. There is a solid base of help for preceded with migration as a vital element for economic growth and as a key component of a cosmopolitan culture among numerous Americans. Around 60 million individuals, more than one-fifth of the total populace of the United States, are settlers or the offspring of foreignersRead MoreDrawing Lines and Crossing Them: A Look at the Complexities of the US-Mexico Border900 Words   |  4 Pages but the absorption of fifty different peoples.† Over the course of its history, the United States has evolved into the country of all countries – in more ways than one. Not only is the US comprised of an array of people from varying locations worldwide, but it is also one of the most desirable destinations for immigrant transfer. The idea of American exceptionalism has resulted in the steady influx of immigrant masses over the course of history which in return has resulted not only in the country’sRead MoreThe United Farm Workers Movement: Cesar Chavez Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesrights, United Farm workers, etc. During the 1960’s the American culture would start to change because of these movements. The United Farm Workers movement for example fought for the rights of Mexic an americans. Their goal during the 1960’s was to get decent working conditions and more job opportunities. The United Farm Workers movement was led primarily by Dolores Huerta, Gilbert Padilla, and Cesar Chavez. Cesar Chavez coordinated the protests, and was at the time the President of the United Farm workersRead MoreBecoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, And Identity1553 Words   |  7 PagesBecoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945 The immigration story of the United States includes groups of individuals from many different countries, one such group was that of the U.S.’s southern neighbor Mexico. In the book, Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945, George J. Sà ¡nchez writes about the Mexican immigrants’ experience migrating to California and settling there, particularly in theRead MoreMexican Migration And The United States916 Words   |  4 PagesSabestian Trevino Mexican Migration to the United States The article chosen is â€Å"U.S. policy and Mexican Migration to the United States† written by Katharine M. Donato (1992) she is a professor of sociology whom discusses the analysis of immigrants who come to the U.S. on worker permits to work for several months to work the agricultural job which are very low on employment. This article corresponds to the results being analysed on Mexican immigration, whom it shows that there were three differentRead MoreMexican Immigration in the United States of America Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesmany immigrants have about the United States. They naively believe for it to be the â€Å"land of opportunity†. Originally the United States was founded and settled by immigrants. Many immigrants, such as Mexicans, Eastern Europeans, Jews, and others from countries around the world came to America to escape war, poverty, famine, and/or religious prosecution. Some also chose to immigrate to take advantage of the opportunities and promise s that America held. One such major group of people is Mexicans. BeingRead MoreThe United States Has Been A Target For Many Immigrants1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has been a target for many immigrants across the globe and is seen as a beacon of hope and opportunity. Ever since the first non-Americans arrived to the United States, for that reason, these immigrants were placed into specific categories in order to be differentiated from different groups of people. The name for the group that an immigrant would be placed, depended usually where the person came from, in some cases their religion or their nativity. The force placement into theseRead MoreMexican Immigration And The United States Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the last two centuries Mexican migration to the United States have changed the culture and economic values of this nation. Coming from a country where only the rich can strive and the poor struggles to survive. Mexican immigrants risk their liv es to come to this country for an opportunity to a better life and to support their families back home. With their journey to this nation they bring their culture and language, involving the American culture in many ways. They come to also face many

The Activity Of Doing Action Research Among Iranian Teachers

Abstract Through reviewing some articles this paper has concluded that the activity of doing action research among Iranian teachers should be highlighted as well as expanded either through giving questionnaires, or participating in discussion workshops, interviewing with professional teachers, since reflection is an unfamiliar terminology among Iranian learners and teachers which has not been practically used yet. Thus, they can gain the best possible reflective and successful as well as practical and effective outcome. Teachers on the other hand have the responsibility of helping the students which could guide them to become better, autonomous learners through different procedures and ways of reflection. As the results which were†¦show more content†¦97).the more realistic point of view people find about themselves while being critiqued by their peers , the better they can face the reality and reform themselves. Emerging the two issues of post-method condition and reflection where t he teachers as practitioners are supposed to do action research by which they feasibly could develop their profession through micro strategies and macro strategies in order to solve classroom problems in recent decay is of a high significance (1994 , p .27-32 ). As Kumaradivelu et.al (1997) argue teachers as practitioners not only should testify, analyze and do research about theories and decide about the effectiveness of theories, but also they should make available their own practice for continuous criticism and reflection (p.173) . This paper aims at highlighting the effectiveness of having reflective pedagogy and improves reflective strategy among Iranian teachers and learners as well as to analyze the effect of reflection on performance, while there is an absence of so doing in Iranian pedagogical system. The definition of reflection Dewey (1933) described reflection as â€Å"an active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and further conclusions to which it tends†( p.2 ). Moon (1999) defines reflection as â€Å"a mental process with purpose and/or outcome in which manipulation of meaning is applied to relatively complicated or

Audit Independence and Threats Regulations

Question: Discuss about the Audit Independence and Threats Regulations. Answer: Introduction Independence of the auditors is a crucial aspect as audit operations cannot be done without the independence of the auditors. The independence principles of auditing states that the auditors must should not have any kind of material financial interest in the properties of the audited clients. The independence of auditors demands honesty and integrity from the sides of the auditors (Roy Saha, 2016). Breaching of the principles of auditors independence poses some major threats for the auditors as well as for the audit profession. The independence of the auditors can be divided into two categories; they are Actual independence of the auditors and Perceived independence of the auditors (Kouakou, Boiral Gendron, 2013). It is desired that the auditors should follow the principles of independence for the smooth conduct of the audit operation. The main purpose of the report is to evaluate the auditors independence factors along with the threats and safeguards. Potential Type of Threat It is desired that the auditors of an organization will be free from all kinds of material interests in the property of the auditors so that the auditors independence is maintained. Violation of the principles of auditors principles can pose some major threats for the auditors as well as for the organization. The threats of Fellowes and Associates are highlighted below: First Situation: It is the first and foremost requirement of auditors independence that the auditors will be free from all kinds of financial interest from the clients property. As per the information provided in the case study, one of the accountants of Fellowes and Associates owns shares of Health Care Holdings Group (HCHG). This situation implies that one of the auditors of Fellowes and Associates has financial material interest in the properties of the audited client. According to the rules and regulations of AccountingProfessional Ethical Standards (APES) 110, this act of the accounts associate of Fellowes and Associates has breached the Auditors Independence Principle. This is a potential major threat for Fellowes and Associates. This act may influence the decision making process of the auditors for HCHG as there can be biasness (Ettredge, Fuerherm Li, 2015). Second Situation: As per the given situation, Fellowes and Associates valued the intellectual property of HCHG worth $30 million on 1 March 2014. However, this particular amount of intellectual property was shown in the books of HCHG and these assets were considered as material to HCHG. This total process poses a major potential threat for Fellowes and Associates as the process of valuation of intellectual assets was wrong. As per the accounting rules and regulations, intellectual properties of an organization are immaterial to that company. By showing the intellectual properties as material, the accountant has breached the accounting as well as auditing principles. On the other hand, on 30 June 2014, the unchanged amount of 1 March 2014 was taken into consideration. In this situation, the auditor did not do the revaluation of that intellectual property by neglecting the fact that the value can be changed over the gap of 3 months. This is a potential threat for Fellowes and Associate s (Basioudis, Gul Ng, 2013). Corrective Actions and Safeguards The above discussion shows that some major threats are posing for Fellowes and Associates due to the breaching in the principles of auditors independence. The first situation shows that there is one of the auditors of Fellowes and Associates has financial material interest in the properties of HCHG as he owns shares of the company. The second situation states that the valuation of intellectual property of HCHG was not correctly done and they were shown as material to HCHG. Fellowes and Associates should take some actions to avoid the potential threats. First, Fellowes and Associates should terminate the accountant who purchased the shares of HCHG as it is against the professional and ethical principles of the audit profession. In case of the second situation, Fellowes and Associates should do a revaluation of the intellectual properties of HCHG and should show the correct value in the books of the company (Openscholarship.wustl.edu 2016). On the other hand, Fellowes and Associates sh ould show in the audit report that the intellectual property of HCHG is not material to the company. These are the corrective measures that Fellowes and Associates need to take to revive the situation. Apart from these corrective measures, some safeguards can be taken to avoid the future independence related risks. Effective leadership is one of the safeguards that can be taken to avoid this kind of situation as good leaders helps to maintain the auditors independence in an organization (Ball, Tyler Wells, 2015). Second, Fellowes and Associates should analyze and evaluate the condition of the linear accelerators before making any kind of judgments. Fellowes and Associates should take the fact in mind that they are the representative of the public; so there should not be any kind of influence and biasness in the decisions of Fellowes and Associates. Another safeguard can be the rotation of auditing staffs. The audit staffs need to be rotated often to bring transparency in the audit process (J. Clout, Chapple Gandhi, 2013). The auditors should not be involved in any kind of agreement to the audit client that can influence the audit decision. These are some of the safeguards that can be taken to avoid future independence threats (Chapple et al., 2014). Conclusion From the above study, it can be understood that the audit report in the absence of auditors independence is not a true and fair audit report. The above study shows that different kinds of threats can be arrived by wrong professional practices of the auditors of Fellowes and Associates. This type of threat is called the independence threat of the auditors that can harm the audit and audited firm both. However, this potential threat can be eliminated by taking corrective measures like revaluing the assets, eliminating the dishonest employee and others. On the other hand, some safeguards are available to avoid independence related risks of the auditors. Hence, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that the auditors independence risks are a major kind of risks and these risks can be avoided by taking corrective measures and safeguards. References Ball, F., Tyler, J., Wells, P. (2015). Is audit quality impacted by auditor relationships?.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(2), 166-181. Basioudis, L. G., Gul, F. A., Ng, A. (2013). Non-audit fees, religiosity and auditor independence. Chapple, L., Crofts, P., Ferguson, C., Hronsky, J. (2014). Professional independence and attachment bias: an exploratory study. Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. (2016).Openscholarship.wustl.edu. Retrieved 22 December 2016, from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1332context=law_lawreview Ettredge, M., Fuerherm, E. E., Li, C. (2015). Client Pressure and Auditor Independence.Available at SSRN 1838485. Clout, V., Chapple, L., Gandhi, N. (2013). The impact of auditor independence regulations on established and emerging firms.Accounting Research Journal,26(2), 88-108. Kouakou, D., Boiral, O., Gendron, Y. (2013). ISO auditing and the construction of trust in auditor independence.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(8), 1279-1305. Roy, M. N., Saha, S. S. (2016). Relationship of Statutory Auditors' Competence and Independence with Audit Quality.Vilakshan: The XIMB Journal of Management,13(1).

Personality Traits Assignment Essay Example

Personality Traits Assignment Essay Personality traits can be defined as distinguishing qualities or characteristics of a person. Traits are a readiness to think or act in a similar fashion in response to a variety of deferent stimuli or situations. As we study in psychology, trait theory Is a major approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily Interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. The Myers Briggs short form test Is a test designed o measure psychological preferences In how people perceive the world and make decisions. After taking the Myers Briggs short form test, the test has concluded that I am slightly expressed Introvert, moderately expressed sensing personality, moderately expressed feeling personality, and moderately expressed Judging personality. The test has also concluded that I am a type JIFFS. The JIFFS type are Individuals whose primary Interest Is In the safety and security of those they care about, such as their family, their circle of friends, and their fellow co-workers. The JIFFS hype also has an extraordinary sense of loyalty and responsibility in their makeup and they seem to fulfill in a degree that they can shield others from the dangers of the world or their surroundings. After reviewing the test myself, I do firmly believe that the test is accurate from my answers. Although I was unsure how to answer some of them, I tried to put myself in certain situations that would allow me to answer appropriately to each scenario faced with. Also, the test states I am an introvert. However, I do feel I share an extrovert side as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Traits Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Traits Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Traits Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Yes, I am more focused n myself, primarily on my own feelings, mind, and affairs. On the other hand, I am also showing sides of an extrovert. I can be assertive at times and seek out excitement on a spur of the moment feeling. Over all, I do feel it was accurate. I found the test to be interesting to take because I never would have asked myself these questions, nor would I have taken the time to think of what I would do in certain situations. Its interesting to me to learn and see how I am measured on a personality traits test considering everyone scores at a different level.

Blind Date Essay Example

Blind Date Paper Nicola Gill, a reporter, went undercover to try and find out what goes on behind the scenes of one of ITV most popular shows Blind Date. All this suggests mystery and interest and as Blind Date is a popular show the readers will want to here all about it. Nicola makes her story more exciting by telling it in the present way. I am on my way to the open auditions for Blind Date It attracts more than 20000 audition hopefuls a year all desperate to sit on those stools with Cilla and make a stab for stardom, love, sex or just a free holiday. She asks herself the question. And once through the auditions is it worth it? She is tempting the reader to want to know more, suggesting they are about to find out. Steps suggest a path or stairway to a chosen destination. It suggests, perhaps, a contrived, unnatural way for the contestants to get what they want. Also readers like to see sub headings because it gives the reader a break in the reading. If the sub headings are interesting it encourages the reader to read on e. g. Step 2 Humiliate yourself and step 3 the Cilla Protocol. These sub headings are interesting because people like to see other people get humiliated and people might want to know how people fortunate enough to get on Blind Date have to behave with Cilla. The whole article is written like it is to ensure reader involvement at all times. The reporter, Nicolas Gill, introduces the article as an exclusive undercover report suggesting interest and excitement. She entices the reader by telling them that, once they have read her article, they will know everything about goes on behind those famous scenes We will write a custom essay sample on Blind Date specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Blind Date specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Blind Date specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She emphasises the desperation of the candidates by saying that there are more than 20000 audition hopefuls a year. She tells us about Janine, a single mother who launches into a sad story of violent relationships, failed dreams and acute loneliness before emphasising the fact that this is exactly what the producer does not want on his show. The producer does not want someone like Janine on his show because her life is boring, tragic and miserable. This is not what the producer wants because it is not what the viewers want. Gill tells us that what they do want is like Nicolas invented identity, thats of the type who travel the world, bedding beach bums and living a carefree, sun sand a sex-fuelled existence. She uses alliteration because it speeds up the way the reader says it and makes it more exciting. So they will want to read on. Alliteration is used because newspapers use it as imagery. Gill uses three sets of quotes in bigger font on each page because she thinks that they will be entertaining for the reader. This also breaks the reading up for the reader. If the quotes are interesting then the reader will want to read on. She writes them in big bold font to try and drag in the readers attention. In step 2 humiliate yourself. Nicola states, Three hours later, lumbering towards the painful climax of our humiliation! This kind of language shows gill opening her heart to the readers and could have two effects. Readers feel sorry, sympathy, warm to her and read on. Readers who love to see someone humiliate themselves read on. After Nicola answers the question on the Eiffel tower she says she hates her self. This is because she thinks of the people who have to go through all that, she has made a fool of herself and she is not the type of person who would say that. Gill describes meeting Cilla like meeting the queen meeting Cilla is like meeting the queen. You must not touch Cilla, kiss Cilla, out smart Cilla or say Lorra Lorra. People will find this interesting because a protocol is used when you meet someone important e. g. the queen. When the make up girl starts writing numbers on her hand Nicola gets confused because she thinks that it is her choice to pick and people are not allowed to influence her pick. Drawing numbers on her hand and making blatant yes or no faces. As if Im supposed to see I like the phrase bish-bash because it sounds like if there will be a big argument and they are usually funny. I find the Cilla protocol funny because the producers make her sound important which she is not. I think that Nicola is trying to appeal to the people who watch Blind Date or shows like it either for the embarrassment factor or the possibility of finding love or just the easy entertainment factor. I think she doesnt succeed because the people who didnt watch will now because of all the publicity. Candidates picked from over 20000 hopefuls a year. Only the bras, strong-minded, outgoing people with interesting pasts are picked. Ive already invented the perfect Blind Date identity the temp who save her cash for travelling the world bedding beach bums and living a carefree, sun, sand and sex fuelled existence. Many rehearsals, meetings and phone calls occur before they actually film the show. number two keeps fluffing up his lines so we have to keep shooting again and again The Cilla protocol meeting Cilla is like meeting the Queen. I think that Nicola was justified in obtaining her story because any one could have made a story on Blind Date and sold their paper to the papers. It just lucky for her that nobody did so she made money from it. The Blind Date team were not upset because any publicity is good publicity. So the people who didnt watch Blind Date will read about it in the paper and they will watch it now.

Social Networking Sites Essays

Social Networking Sites Essays Social Networking Sites Essay Social Networking Sites Essay Social networking sites Online social networking site is a very common tool for communicating and socializing with each other. Nowadays, most of the adolescent like to use Facebook. There is a rapid growth of the number of user of social networking sites. According the recent research, Kreutz (2009) stated that â€Å"starting from 1997 to 2010 there are some 1. 5 billion users of social networking websites† (p. 222). This shows that how popular the social networking site is. Although many parents think that there are many existing dangers in social networking sites, it is good for both education and interpersonal relationship for the teenagers. This essay will discuss the benefits and negative effects of using social networking sites for young people: enlarge and maintain the relationship, develop greater awareness of social issues and attract the online predators to conduct their criminal activities. One of the advantage is the teenagers can enlarge the friendship and maintain the existing relationship by using social networking sites. Social networking sites provide a platform for connecting with the friends. For maintaining the old relationship, social networking site is very convenient for teenagers to have conversation with friends, share their photos, videos and view others’ status. Dunne, Lawlor and Rowley (2010) pointed out that the purpose of most of the users that using SNS is to see what is new in their friends’ status (p. 53). In Facebook, one of the social networking sites, friend will share their current situation and their recent activities by uploading the new photos, videos and new comments in their profile pages. To the sum up, these sites provide an invaluable connection to our old life we had left. Although you go very far away, friends also know what you are doing by seeing your status. Apart from all this, these sites also have another important function. You can expand your social circle effectively. Before the appearance of the Internet, people just used some methods simple like sending letters, calling the others and even physically meeting each other to build the relationship. Nowadays these sites can help you to make new friends easily. Kate (2010) remarked that â€Å"it’s a good way of talking to boys, you can post a comment on their site or ask them to be your friend without being embarrassed or feeling stupid† (p. 53). On the social networking sites, users can build relationship with anyone they want. It is very easy for them to find the people who have the similar or shared interests with them. You can talk about yourself, your identity and your interests and make friends that way. Furthermore, they can present a positive self-identity in social networking sites. This is one of their methods to attract people to make friends with them. They will make themselves look good, such as pick the best photos, show off their coolest friends and just make fun. In conclusion, social networking sites is a form of connection to our old lift and also a good tool that making friends in online. The other advantage is more adolescents develop greater awareness of social issues because of social networking sites. Youth is the social pillars in the future; they largely contribute to the social development. They are playing the leading role in solving social problems, so it is important for increasing teenagers’ awareness of social issues. In Social Networking sites, the adolescents like to communicate with people sharing the same thought and interest. Except making friends, social networking sites also used to discuss the social issues. Jain, Gupta and Anand (2012) commented that â€Å"this is a pool of social problems which requires attention of majority so that we can fight against them as a united country and make the society more peaceful† (p. 36). For instance, there are more than 150 pages about social issues such as human rights, corruption, girls education have uploaded in the last few months in social networking sites like Facebook, YouTube and Orkut. According to the research of Jain, Gupta and Anand (2012), the main age group of participate in discussing these social issues is 20-40; they actively give their justification on these subjects (p. 42). This result shows that because of the social networking usages, youth were more active in discussing the social issues. In addition to discussion, the users also like to hold different political activities in Facebook for inviting others to join it, such as parade, hunger strike†¦ Various protests have been done by many social activists they gathered through social networking. Furthermore, social networking sites also provide a place for the groups from different countries including minority groups and subcultures who never physically get the space to express their opinion and belief. All the people can use these websites to participate and voice themselves. As these social issues need regular meeting for discussing and expressing their views, teenagers can use them to meet periodically or regularly depending on their and others’ requirement. Therefore, these sites is acting as an office, they can hold the meetings and political activities regularly and inviting new members to join the discussion. All in all, most of the information of social issues is obtained from social networking sites. Adolescents are getting more aware about social issues because of discussing the debatable topics and news articles on these sites. These sites are proving them chance to bring thoughts of people on these social issues. Therefore, social networking sites is good for educating the adolescants. Apart from advantages, there is also negative effect by using social networking sites for teenagers. The social networking sites attract the online predators to conduct their criminal activities. These social networking sites suggest people to put all their personal information on their profile page when they are registering as their new members; it is easy for criminals to get this information. In Facebook, teenagers like to put all the information including personal image, name, date of birth, hometown and ZIP code in their profile page. The criminal can use this information to find out a person’s sensitive medical information and security number. They also can easily estimate physical location of a person by using the information provided on Facebook profile page. People are least bothered about their profile privacy. Although there is an option of visibility on the user profile fields on these sites. This means user can decide which information can be seen by everyone on the network, but most of the teenagers tend to keep their profiles open to everyone. They are happy to share their personal information in online world. Fukuyama, Lewis and Weigert (2007) in their respected papers claimed that â€Å"trust is a critical determinant in personal or face to face relationships†(p. 48). This means trust is an important factor that determines the crime is success or not. It will not be very difficult for an online predator to gain trust from an individual by employing interactions, especially most of the online predators prefer to meet and entice their victims online. If an online predator is being trusted by a teen and successfully become one of his friend in Facebook, this means this online predator can find their victims in this teen’s friend list. There is a lot of reports about criminal activities involving the social networking sites can be heard. For example, according to â€Å"Facebook-crime† (2010), Ashleigh Hall, a 17 years old girl, was murdered by a man who gets acquainted in Facebook. Actually, that man is a 33 years old man and he created a Fake profile as a teenager. This shows that the major problem is that there is no method to verify the actual identity on online and it is too easy for online predator to gain access the personal information on these sites. In conclusion, these sites are a good way of maintaining relationship and building new relationship. However, there are many existing dangers of using these sites, so a user should be careful. Do not put too many personal data on these sites, it is risky that this data may being used in bad way. The teenagers should keep this data properly, do not get tricked by older people who lie about their age and who are online. The advantages of using these social networking sites outweigh its disadvantage, so I agreed the teenagers to use these sites. The growth of social networking sites shows a significant change in social and personal behaviour of Internet user. These sites largely help teenagers’ interpersonal relationship become closer, but everything can be used for a bad purpose as well as good. We need to be more careful, prevent getting trapped by online predators. Reference list Das, B. , Sahoo, J. (2011). Social networking sites a critical analysis of its impact on personal and social life. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(14), 222-226. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. libraryproxy. griffith. edu. au/docview/904521761/13AEEEA44CD5BA312BC/1? accountid=14543 Datar, T. , Mislan, R. (2010). Social networking: A boon to criminals. Proceedings of the Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 48-50. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. libraryproxy. griffith. edu. u/docview/856125630/Record/13AEEC9AE784B9975E7/1? accountid=14543 Dunne, A. , Lawlor, A. , Rowley, J. (2010). Young people. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 4(1), 53. doi: http://dx. doi. org. libraryproxy. griffith. edu. au/10. 1108/17505931011033551 Jain, R. , Gupta, P. , Anand, N. (2012). Impact of social networking sites in the changing mindset of youth on social issues a study of delhi-ncr youth. Researchers World, 3(2Part2), 37-42. 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A comparison of the unjust speech from The Clouds and the ideas of Essay

A comparison of the unjust speech from The Clouds and the ideas of thrasymachus in book 1 of The Republic - Essay Example The argument of Just and Unjust in The Clouds, a comedy by Aristophanes culminates with Unjust apparently winning the day. In Book 1 of The Republic Thrasymachus claims that injustice is stronger, freer and generally more powerful than justice It thus seems that the two Greek works come to different conclusions regarding the efficacy and desirability of justice and injustice, although the details and manners in which they do so are contrasting.Taking each in turn, the first argument suggests that Thrasymachus is a supporter of natural right, and thus claims that it is "just" (in natural terms) for the strong to rule over the weak. If this is the case, a consideration of the second argument reveals a tension and contradiction within Thrasymachus thinking. For it is rather unclear why somebody who always follows laws must always do what is in the interests of the politically stronger - unless one assumes that Thrasymachus is claiming that all laws are made in the interests of the stron g, which he does not. The second argument casts Thrasymachus as something of a relativist who makes the simple argument that justice is nothing beyond obedience to existing laws.The third argument fits uneasily with the other two, because within it Thrasymachus is arguing that justice is not desirable because it leads to the advantage of another, and thus the disadvantage of the self. The self, according to Thrasymachus should look out for itself most of all. Once again, how obedience to either the powerful or to the law as written necessarily correlates with adherence to the other is not entirely clear. It can thus be stated that Thrasymachus loses the argument because the rationale and logic behind it are flawed. Moving to the argument between the Just and the Unjust in The Clouds, the first difference is that this is much longer, more complex, and Unjust uses rhetorical techniques that almost guarantee his victory. In the opening exchange between the two Unjust indulges in an important departure from the argument that Thrasymachus has used in The Republic. Instead of arguing about the nature of what justice "is" or "is not", the Unjust claims that he will defeat the Just in their argument through "arguing there is no such thing as justice" (1150) (Aristophanes 1993). Arguing that it does not exist is easier and more powerful than trying to define justice in a way that shows that it is unfair, impractical or immoral. Unjust tricks Just onto uncertain ground as he asks him ", well, if it does, where is it" to which Just replies, "with the gods", falling into the trap. Immediately Unjust retorts with "if Justice does exist, how come Zeus hasn't been destroyed for chaining up his father" Just has no answer to this, and has to resort to saying that what Unjust has just said makes him want to vomit. Essentially, in many ways, the argument is lost at this point, for if the stories of the Greek gods are to be taken literally, or even as metaphoric representations of the truth, they do seem to suggest that "Justice", in the sense envisioned by Just, does not in fact exist. In the legends of the Greek gods, starting with Zeus and going down the hierarchy, "justice" would seem to be defined by power, violence, envy, jealousy, caprice and sheer luck. It is not "justice" by any sense of the word. Unjust has asked an unanswerable question, a brilliant rhetorical technique, and Just knows it. The argument soon descends into verbal abuse, and the Chorus feel the need to interpose themselves to make the two sides more organized. Thus they suggest

The Impact of Globalization on Labour Markets with a Focus on the Gulf Dissertation

The Impact of Globalization on Labour Markets with a Focus on the Gulf Area - Dissertation Example Presentation and Analysis of Data---------------------------------------------p.39 6. Scope and Limitations-------------------------------------------------------------p.57 7. Summary and Conclusions------------------------------------------------------p.58 "The impact of globalization on labour markets with a focus on the Gulf area including Saudi Arabia" Introduction Statement of the problem Labour is an important component of the economic fabric of a society, the other major components being, capital, market, and the state that monitors them (Jessop, 2002, p.11). Jessop (2002) has also come forward to remind the crucial fact that there are also â€Å"non-market mechanisms of various kind† that have a role to play in the inter-relationships between these four components. And any study of any of the components involved has been becoming more complex in the context of globalization. This is so because globalisation is politically, socially, economically and culturally redrawin g national boundaries. Jessop (2002) has described the basic cause of the complexity of globalisation as a social phenomenon in the following lines: â€Å"As capital accumulation expands on an increasingly global scale, its dynamics become more ecologically dominant in shaping the overall evolution of social systems and the life world† (p.11). ... Topics which have an integral connection with labour but neglected until then, came to the fore after the formation of ILO. This also necessitated a new legal framework to be built as well. Such topics include: Fundamental rights (freedom of association, collective bargaining, equality in employment), conditions of work, child labour, protection of women workers, hours of work, labour inspection, vocational guidance and training, social security protection and occupational health and safety (Craig and Lynk, 2006, p.19). From the above discussion, it can be seen that labour, which is a social system by itself, also will not go unaffected by its environment. And labour being a crucial component of the economy, it will need to have a close encounter with globalisation, which is mostly the globalisation of the economy. According to International Labour Organisation, two major concerns in connection with labour and globalisation have now arisen-how mobility imparted by globalisation affec ts labour across national boundaries, and â€Å"whether existing labour institutions would be sufficient to safeguard ...[the]...fundamental rights† of the trans-national migrant labourers (qtd. In Stalker, 2000, p.11 of the foreword). The practical way to address these two concerns is by reforming labour laws and this process has been going on by taking the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, which was â€Å"promulgated† in 1998 (Craig and Lynk, 2006, p.19). Some interesting questions in this context can be, is labour making use of new communication technologies to consolidate itself internationally, is domestic and international labour laws really being

Terrorism Threats the World Essay Example for Free

Terrorism Threats the World Essay The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet Union did not bring the peace for the world. Many global issues still affect directly our security, like ethnic conflicts, pollution, weapons propagation, overpopulation, and terrorism. Nowadays, terrorism is considered as a most dangerous issue which is treating the humanity. Politically, terrorism is defined as motivated violence and illegitimate use of fighting against civilians by groups of people for political, nationalist, and religious goals[1]. Terrorism becomes globally phenomenal because there are many sides involved in this issue. This paper will discuss two ways that make terrorism a global issue which are terrorism’s networks and psychological impacts of terrorism. Also, this paper will be examined on real life examples and takes Al-Qaeda as and example of a famous terrorism organization. Brief description of Al-Qaeda and the War Against Terror History of establishing Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda is an Arabic word which means the base or the foundation. Al-Qaeda is an armed Sunni Islamist organization. This organization has hundreds to thousands of members; extremist groups Egyptian Islamic Jihad and parts of al-Gamaat al-Islamiyya, the Islamic movement of Uzbekistan and the Harakat ul-Mujahidin also fall under the umbrella of Al-Qaeda. Historically, Al-Qaeda was starting with the group of Arab Mujahideen (fighters) in 1979 during the war between Russia and Afghanistan. Those groups went to Afghanistan to help the Muslims people, who are like them, from Russia occupation. Then, those groups expanding their fighting to different places, such as Bosnia and Sudan. Since 1989 after the withdrawal of Soviet forces, Osama bin Laden recognized as the group’s leader. In 1998, Bin Laden, Al Zawahiri, and other Islamist leaders issued a fatwa (religious decree) of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders and Muslims who do not pay attention to th is call are confirmed apostates[2]. Al-Qaeda’s Goals and Ideologies The goals of Al-Qaeda are to obliterate Israel, expel Westerns, especially Americans, from Islamic lands, and fall pro-Western despotism around the Middle East. Al-Qaeda wants to destroy America as a specific because America supports Israel against Palestine. That unfair and unjustified attitudes of America, which is considered as most powerful country, create the hatred feeling in Al-Qaeda group. Moreover, Osama bin Laden said that he hopes to reestablish Islamic nation connecting to the rule of the first Caliphas[3]. That means not only US is in dangerous, but the treat seems to loom larger. For example, the triple bombings on May12, 2003 in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, incurred apartment complexes housing Westerners. This act related to Al-Qaeda and it left 23 people dead, including nine Americans, and that illustrates Al-Qaeda’s strategies and goals[4]. Starting the War Against Terror The war against terror started after Al-Qaeda’s attack on September 11,2001 in United States . The attacks become the most shocking in American history because it caused a very huge costs. The costs are 3,000 people killed, the devastation of four commercial airliners, the disintegration of both World Trade Center Towers, and damaging of the Pentagon. In response, the United States launched different types of forces against terrorism. On the other hand, Al-Qaeda is not centralized in a specific place which makes them easily to be destroyed, but they have independent cells in more than 50 countries, including Pakistan, Sudan, Yemen, KSA, and USA. According to this fact, President Bush said that the war against terror is a different kind of war, fought on many fronts in many places[5]. Al-Qaeda’s Networks Al-Qaeda is like any other organizations which need financial support to achieve the aims. This organization should work in different fields, mostly illegal fields, to get money and carry their plans. Moreover, Al-Qaeda must have communication networks to communicate between their collaborative cells which are existing multi states. These two important networks, finance and communication, expend Al-Qaeda’s effects globally[6]. Al-Qaeda’s Financial Networks Al-Qaeda, like all other terrorist organization, needs strong financial support, so Al-Qaeda does not have only one source of money, but it has many sources. According to US 911 Commission Report, Al-Qaeda requires 30,000 USD/year to conduct its operation[7]. Financial resources for Al-Qaeda can increase in both legal and illegal ways. Al-Qaeda receives money from charities, profitable front-organizations with similar believes and ideologies, and by laundering money from legitimate Muslim organizations. Also, these money can be provided from the members of Qaeda. For example, Osama bin Laden invested millions in terrorism and this is from his billionaires family in Saudi Arabia. His father was a wealthy contractor who renovated the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Some estimates place the terrorists worth around $300 million, however, the United States has frozen a large portion of his money. Another way that Al-Qaeda relies to have money is on organized crime, such as robbery , drug trafficking, and kidnapping. These crimes may incurrence many people in different states in dangerous[8]. Al-Qaeda’s communicated Networks If Al-Qaeda was in 40 years ago, it would face some difficulties in communicated between its different cells which are in different regions in the world. Today, communication technologies have dramatically changed. Websites, e-mails, satellite telephones, mobile phones, and fax transmissions have provided facilities for Al-Qaeda to contemplate a global strategy. In addition, new communication technologies are not used only in communication, but it use in other things. By using internet, Al-Qaeda members have migrated online to escape detection in an atmosphere of increased international precaution. Moreover, the organiztion’s use of the internet is incresing in recruitment, financing, and publicity. Al-Qaeda has especial websites for this purposes[9]. For example, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi’s, Al-Qaeda movement in Iraq regularly, liberates videos in the wedsites apotheosizing the activity of jihadist suicide bombers[10]. Psychological Impacts of Al-Qaeda The attacks of Al-Qaeda are carried out in such a way extend psychological impacts and fear. More than other forms of violence, Al-Qaeda agitates insecurity and deep fear in civilians feeling because terrorists smash randomly without warning innocent civilians. By creating fear, Al-Qaeda wants to show for the civilians the weakness of their governments, which Al-Qaeda thinks that those governments are bad, and how they can not protect their civilians[11]. Also, Al-Qaeda trys to attack national symbols to quake the foundation of the state or to show its power. Al-Qaeda uses this method when Al-Qaeda attacked the World Trade Center that symmbolizes as Al-Qaeda economic threaten. Globally, all people around the world, Muslimes’ world or Westren world, live in a fear because they await that Al-Qaeda may plan to attack their state because they are westren people or they are in westernization[12]. Conclusion This research paper showed how terrorism is a global issue and gave example of terrorism organization from the life which is Al-Qaeda. Then, it explained Al-Qaeda’s networks and its impacts in civilians’ feelings. Al-Qaeda’s goals do not concentrate in one point in the world, their goals extent to take the whole world. The main goals for Al-Qaeda is to rebulid an Islamic nation and destroy westernization which is in Muslimes countries. Therefore, Al-Qaeda also attacks Arab and Muslimes countries not only Western countries, but the qustion is why did not Al-Qaeda attack United Arab Emirates, espeacially Dubai, which consided as a westernization country more than the others?! That questions may fetch to another question which is, is realy that Al-Qaeda’s goals is to destroy the westernization from Muslimes’ states or Al-Qaeda has other goals?!

Diamond Gems And Jewellery Industry Commerce Essay

Diamond Gems And Jewellery Industry Commerce Essay The Indian Gem and Jewellery sector is one of the most active and fast upward sectors of the Indian Economy. The gems and jewellery sector in India is unroganised and disjointed. Around 90% of the players operate in the unorganized sector. This was a single step in an industry where traditional business environment exists. The companys operations are general in scope and global in spread cover all facets of diamond and jewellery manufacture and trading in rough and polished stones, at all key locations worldwide. The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently needy on the US markets, which is its top export target. This research comprised of activities like listing down various agencies like manufacturers, distributors, etc and also chambers and libraries like the Indian business chambers and network with them in order to gather first hand information. Diamond jewellery is increasingly serving as a fashion statement for the rich to differentiate themselves from others wearing traditional jewellery gold jewellery. The macro environment includes all relevant focus outside a companys limits applicable in thesense that they are important enough to have brought on the decision. An industry finally makes about its business model and  strategy. Gems and Jewellery is an important rising sector in the Indian Economy. Ranked among the fastest growing sectors, it is also a leading sector for foreign exchange generation. The gems and jewellery industry is very much interesting being usually exciting and originally modern. This business employees and engages millions; cover wide activities such as raw material procurement from far flung Africa, Australia, Canada and Russia, and transforming these into products in demand with the skills available in China, India, Italy and Turkey for the trendy markets in the USA, Europe, Far East, Middle East and Asia. TABLE OF CONTENT Preface 4 Acknowledgement 5 Executive summary 6 Sr. No. Particular Pg no. 1 Growth and evolution of diamond, gems and jewellery industry in India. 8 2 Product profile 9 3 Demand determination of the industry 12 4 Players in the diamond, gems and jewellery industry 13 5 Distribution channel in the industry sector 16 6 Key issues and current trends 20 7 PESTEL analysis 23 Growth and evolution of diamond, gems, and jewellery industry The Indian Gem Jewellery sector is one of the most active and fast growing sectors of the Indian Economy. The fact that India is the worlds largest source for trained, skilled and adaptive manpower along with liberalised government policies that provide a helpful environment for joint businesses, is what contributes to the continuous growth of this sector. causal around 19% to the overall Forex kitty of the country, the industrys growth over the years, Set-up in 1966, the GJEPC has over the years effectively moulded the increase efforts of individual exporters to make the gem and jewellery sector a powerful engine driving Indias export-led growth. This height body of the gem jewellery industry has played a major role in the evolution of the Indian gem and jewellery industry to its present stature. From being the worlds largest manufacturer of cut and polished diamonds to becoming the leading international trading center, Indias gems and jewellery sector is now set on a growth way. The exports grew by 38% to $14,329.23 million for January-December 2004 period as compared to $10,392.83 million in the related period the last year. GJEPC aims to boost exports of gems and jewellery to US $20 billion by 2007 and develop India as the only one-stop-shop for gems and jewellery. Also, on the anvil is the Bharat Diamond Bourse, one of the largest monoliths ever to be built in Asia. The Bharat Diamond Bourse is an urban conglomerate of place, people and activities pertaining to diamond trading. Built to provide world-class facilities to the members of the Indian diamond community, the compound aims to enhance the already largest position of the Indian diamond industry in the world market PRODUCT PROFILE GILI Gili jewellery is high quality, fine finished, machine-made, branded, diamond-studded, designer jewellery including pendants, earrings, rings and bracelets in 18k gold studded with small, well-cut, good quality diamonds, as matching sets or by themselves. The average sale price is around Rs.15, 000. Brand Values Gilis brand values are genuine diamond and gold jewellery at reasonable prices. The Brand personality is difficult, animated, competent, confident, extrovert, self made, successful and reliable. Noteworthy Gili was the brand that in India important Valentines Day to the date from it being just another date on the calendar. First jewellery brand from India to participate in Basel 2000, the Worlds biggest jewellery and watches show held in Switzerland. In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Gili at rs 1018 crores. Nakshatra Nakshatra is a circular cluster comprised six to nine stones, with the central stone larger than the stones close it, signifying a constellation. It is a modern, fashionable rendition of the traditional seven-stone Thodu and the Kuda Jodi jewellery, which are traditional Indian floral designs. The combination of traditional charisma and current style helped it gain acceptance with women across age groups. Brand Values Overt Nakshatra brand values include beauty, radiance, class, elegance and quality. Amongst the symbolic values are femininity, celestial splend our and unknown. Each design is a stylized interpretation of the basic traditional kudajodi which is believed to be positive, showering the wearer with blessings and good luck. Noteworthy The Nakshatra design is the only one to have general appeal amongst women across India. The diamonds used to make up the Nakshatra cluster were formed over 800 million years ago. In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Nakshatra at Rs. 1,014 crores. ASMI The design styling for the Asmi jewellery has always been that of wavy forms around a central rock of and above 5 points. It rightly personifies the woman of today and her inner fire. Asmi has under its support a range of typical, current yet reasonable designs in diamond jewellery. Brand Values From the outset, Asmi has aimed to fulfil every womans natural need for self-expression, and has lauded the Indian womans middle fire. Asmi is a brand that is for the woman of will, commemorating her success and inspiring her to achieve higher goals. It is an expression of the power of femaleness, indication of self-confidence, feelings and the middle spirit of a woman. The brand is also promoted as one that offers validity, Affordability expediency. Noteworthy A particular annual promotional event has always been organized on Womans Day, as the most suitable occasion to support and repeat the values and identity of the brand. In 2009, in association with FICCI Ladies Organisation, and an NGO- Fight Back, Asmi launched its Shakti Torch movement on the event of Womens Day 2009, to combat the problem of domestic violence in India. In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Asmi at Rs. 406 crores DDAMAS Ddamas has several sub-brands, each single in positioning gift. The brand also has items in all categories-rings, earrings, nose pins, pendants, bangles, bracelets, necklaces, Tanmanya, Mangalsutra, half sets and full sets. Each sub-brand under Ddamas offers stylized and fashionable designs, conceptualized and produced by an in-house team of award winning designers. Ddamas is perhaps the only jewellery brand that has offerings in virtually all product categories, across all price points, for all occasions and emotions, thus covering consumers across age-groups and demographic classes. Brand Values Ddamas embodies luxury and high aspiration, bestowing on the wearer an aura of exclusivity and modification. The vast variety of associated brands allows every customer a choice of jewellery to mirror her personality, tastes and to suit every time. There is gold and diamond studded jewellery matching various lifestyles, occasions and price points that cater to diverse customers. Ddamas is committed to the highest levels of customer satisfaction. Every piece of jewellery comes with a special certificate of validity that assures of both the diamond and the gold content in the piece. Ddamas jewellery is fully hallmarked and accompanied with a diamond certificate from IGI. Noteworthy Best Jewellery Designs- JCK and Vivah a Gold Jewellery In September 2011, M/s Brand Finance PLC (UK) valued Ddamas at Rs. 331 crores. Demand driver of diamond jewellery The demand drivers for the diamond processing and jewellery sector are as below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increasing acceptability of diamond jewellery in the domestic market: Traditionally, jewellery in India has mainly been gold jewellery. Diamond jewellery is lesser accepted in India due to factors such as myths associated with diamonds being unlucky in certain instances and the higher cost of diamonds. This is now changing with an increased acceptance of diamond jewellery in the domestic market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diamond as a fashion statement for the affluent: Diamond jewellery is increasingly serving as a method statement for the rich to differentiate themselves from others wearing traditional jewellery/gold jewellery. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increasing affordability: Employment of women in the workforce has been increasing due to the changing mindsets and increasing education levels among women. This has resulted in women having more impact on the purchase decisions; and women having also started purchasing jewellery for themselves as against earlier trends of jewellery purchase being primarily a family decision. Increased disposable income for working couples and lifestyle changes have aided this. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exports as a driver: As seen earlier, exports have been growing year-on-year and the 5 year CAGR (2002-03 to 2007-08) is about 13%. India currently produces around 95% of the worlds cut and polished diamond pieces. By carat weight, India is projected to process 80% Demand Drivers of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Value addition from processing to jewellery: Though India processes a large number of Diamonds; most of them are re-exported after polishing. There exists scope to increase value addition through setting into jewellery (jewellery manufacture). MAJOR PLAYERS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gitanjali Group: The Gitanjali Group was founded as a single company cutting and polishing diamonds for the jewellery operate at Surat, Gujarat, in 1966. It has become a found among major diamond and jewellery houses. The Group has dumped jewellery trade convention by launching multiple brands for multiple markets and price segments brands include Nakshatra, Ddamas, Collection, Asmi, Sangini and Gili. It opened up distribution via superstores, department stores and other retail outlets at MRP, supported by international certifications of in principle tested clarity and validity, across India and in the worlds jewellery capitals. Operations of the Gitanjali Group span the world, all the way from USA, UK, Belgium, Italy and the Middle East to Thailand, South East Asia China, and Japan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Su-Raj Diamonds Jewellery Ltd.: Su-Raj is resulting from contraction of two names viz. Suresh and Rajnikant, the founders of Su-Raj Group in the early Sixties. The company on hand its shares to the public in the year 1986 and became the first company in the industry to opt for public issue in India. This was a single step in an industry where traditional business environment exists. The companys operations are universal in scope and global in increase top all facets of diamond and jewellery manufacture and trading in rough and polished stones, at all key locations universal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Suashish Diamonds Ltd.: Suashish Diamonds Ltd was incorporated in October 1988. Suashish is single in the diamond industry as it is one of the few players that have activities across value chain there by retaining higher margins. Its business activities include sourcing ofrough diamonds to selling finished diamond jewellery through its retail jewellery brand Ishis. Suashish has employed cutting border technology throughout its diamond and jewellery manufacturing processes. It has subsidiaries and intentional partnerships in all major markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shrenuj Co. Ltd.: Shrenuj Company Limited and its subsidiaries take on in the manufacture and sale of diamonds and jewellery in India and internationally. The company operates in two segments, Diamonds and Jewellery. The Diamonds segment engages in cutting and polishing of diamonds. This segment offers polished diamonds in full cut and single cut rounds, as well as in fancy shapes, such as princess, baguettes, marquise, pear, oval, emerald, and heart in various colours and clarities. The Jewellery segment provides diamond Human Resource and Skill Requirements in the Gems and Jewellery Industry studded gold/platinum jewellery. The company was founded in 1906, is based in Mumbai, India and employs about 3,000 employees. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tanishq: Tanishq is one of Indias principal jewellery brands. Started in 1995, Tanishq is the jewellery business of Titan Industries Ltd promoted by the TATA group. Tanishq has set up production and sourcing bases with through research of the jewellery crafts of India. Tanishq today is Indias most aspirational fine jewellery brand with 91 stores in 64 cities, with an exquisite range of gold jewellery studded with diamonds or coloured gems and a wide range of equally amazing jewellery in 22Kt pure gold. Exquisite platinum jewellery is also part of the product range diamond Gems and Jewellery Gitanjali Group Shrenuj Company Suraj Diamonds and Jewellery Limited Rajesh Exports Asian Star Titan Industries (Tanishq into sell), Bangalore Suashish Diamond Rosy Blue B. Vijaykumar Laxmi Diamond K Girdharilal C. Mehendra Exports J.B Brothers Tara Ultimo Vaibhav Gems, Jaipur Sheetal Manufacturing Major players Companies Market cap (rs in crore) Shree Gan. Jew 720 Goldiam intl. 75 SRS 589 Thangamayil jew. 434 Renaissance jew. 135 Shrenuj co 489 C.mahendra exp 476 Gitanjali gems 4479 Titan inds 27184 Rajesh exports 3719 Goenka diamond 921 Tbz 1813 Classic diamond 16 Kanani inds. 360 Winsome diamonds 346 Vaibhav global 278 Key Issues of the Sector Unorganised Sector The gems and jewellery sector in India is unorganised and opening. Around 90% of the players operate in the unorganised sector mostly in family-run operations. The nature of the sector prevents it from achieving economies of scale. Also, being largely unorganised, the sector mainly uses labour-intensive and original technology that affects their growth projection. Further, the sector finds it difficult to add to their global competitiveness due to difficulties in adopting technology as a result of poor financial capital and high labour costs per unit. Threat from China Currently, China is the second-largest diamond processing centre in the world after India; however, it is slowly communicable up and is bullying to displace the Indian gems and jewellery sector from its dominant position in the world. The labour cost in China is the lowest, just like in India; however, the gap between the two countries is narrowing slowly. Besides, the Chinese economy is growing fast and is creating a demand for gems and jewellery in the domestic market. Further, many diamond manufacturers from Belgium and Israel are setting up manufacturing plants in China. India also faces risk from China in terms of knowledge adoption, which allows China to process diamonds at a more competitive price. Predominance of the US market The Indian gems and jewellery sector is pre-dominently dependent on the US market, which is its top export destination. The growth of gems and jewellery sector is closely dependent on the growth of demand in the US market. However, the recent appreciation of the rupee in relation to the US dollar and a slowdown of the US economy have forced the concerns for the sector. All these factors need Indias venture into other geographical locations. During FY07, the exports to the US market registered a growth of 14% over exports of FY06; however, owing to the slowdown in the US economy, the exports grew only 1.15% in FY08 over the previous year. In the current situation the heavy dependence on the US market has affected the exporters as they are facing a drop in orders and delayed payments. Exchange Rate/Currency Risk The gems and jewellery sector is affect by the rupee/dollar exchange rate because it is export-oriented. Any instability in the exchange rates affects the margins of the players. For instance, the recent approval in the rupee against the dollar had made the exports of gems and jewellery less competitive in its key export destinations. High Level of Inventories As the gems and jewellery sector is highly dependent on imports for its raw materials, the players have to maintain a high level of inventory. However, maintaining this inventory becomes difficult for the players during the drooping season, as it carries inventory price risk. For instance, due to the current recessionary trends, the demand drooping and inventory piled up much to the chagrin of the players. Decreasing Diamond Reserves The supply of rough diamonds is likely to fall in the near future as the diamond reserves are decreasing. There has been no major diamond keep discovery since 2003, when assets were last discovered in the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada. The complete supply will push up the prices of rough diamonds, which will further put pressure on margins. Future supply levels are largely needy on the industrys ability to identify new diamond deposits. Competition from Other Luxury Goods With the increase in disposable income and the change in standard of living, the demand for luxury goods such as perfumes, consumer electronics, leather, automobile, gadgets etc are also increasing. The gems and jewellery sector is experience competition from these luxury goods, which is eating into the market share of the division. Beneficiation in Mining Countries India is facing a threat from the emerging cutting and polishing centres in the diamond-producing countries such as South Africa, Ghana, Angola, Botswana, Namibia etc. The local government is increasingly pressurising the African countries for processing locally-mined materials such as diamonds within the country itself to increase earnings through value addition to the vast natural resources that these countries possess. South Africa has launched a draft Beneficiation Strategy for the minerals industry of South Africa in March 2009. The newly-formed African Diamond Producers Association (ADPA) is advocating establishing a joint policy that would support beneficiation across Africa. This could lead to fewer rough goods being made available on the open market and in creating a threat to the existing diamond processing centres such as India, as new processing centres comes up. Global Economic Slowdown The global economic slowdown has hit the Indian gems and jewellery division hard. As the sector was primarily dependent on exports to the US and European countries, the meltdown in these countries affected the gems and jewellery sector to a great extent. The players faced issues relating to inventory build-up and liquidity pressure. A number of diamond units in Gujarat were shut down that render thousands of workers jobless. Further, the bank finance, which was largely in dollar terms, also faced a delay due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. This further added to the woes of the players who were full to come out of the global depression. Even though the sector is in the recovery mode, owing to a gradual recovery of global markets, the credit cycle of the sector has changed severely. The delayed payments from customers have raised the interest outflows for the companies. Synthetic Diamonds The sector also faces a face in the form of integration of artificial or man-made diamonds. With the start of technology, it is difficult to discriminate between natural and synthetic diamonds. It may so happen that the imitation diamonds are accepted on as real diamonds and in the long run, this could affect the authority of the sector. Further, as unreal diamonds are much cheaper and identical to the synthetic diamonds, these diamonds may find customers that is a reserve to the natural diamond and may finish positive eating into the market share of the diamond industry. Issue of difference Diamonds India is the largest importer of rough diamonds and a leading player in cutting and polishing of the same, therefore, it runs the risk of dealing with conflict diamonds. Conflict diamonds are those that are mined illegally in African countries such as Angola, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Democratic nation of Congo to fund illegal military wars. In spite of the KP certification, there an issue related to fake KP certificate. These fake certificates put diamond importing countries at a risk of dealing in variance diamonds. Opportunities for the Sector Entering New Markets The US has been the major market for Indian gems and jewellery sector over the years. However, with the current global delay, the dependence on the US market has unnatural the Indian gems and jewellery sector tremendously. The sector is exploring new locations to vary business and to minimise the risk. Russia, Middle East and China are few of the rising destinations that are witnessing an increase in jewellery demand. The Indian gems and jewellery players can tap these countries to diversify and increase their business. Cutting and Polishing of Large-Sized Diamonds India is one of the leading diamond processing centers of the world. Indias vast, low cost and very skilled workforce provides it with a competitive edge over other countries. However, it is largely involved in cutting and polishing of small-sized diamonds, which weigh less than one carat. Indias cut and polished diamond exports have a high universal share in terms of number of pieces; however, in terms of value the share is much lower. By moving up the value chain and processing larger stones India can further increase its value share in total exports. Large diamonds are less generally set up in nature. Therefore, the price of a diamond rises exponentially with its size. Indian exporters who have authority in processing of small stones have already started moving into cutting of large and medium size stones. For moving up the value chain, the industry should try forward and backward integration. Hence strategic alliances with producers of roughs and retailers of jewellery could lead to higher market share. Given Indias low cost and skill labours, there exists an chance for processing large stones, which will provide the players with higher margins as well as rise in realisations on capex. Value Addition There exists a huge chance for Indian players to do value addition to the processed diamonds and to export diamond studded jewellery. India is already a leader in processing small-sized diamonds and it also has natural capabilities of manufacturing hand-crafted jewellery. Further, with its dominance in processing small diamonds, India has an advantage of manufacturing reasonable diamond jewellery for the world market. Jewellery Retail The Indian retail sector is increasing fast. This provides an excellent chance for the Indian players to manufacture and sell their jewellery through the retail channels that are fast catching up in the Indian markets. Further, this move will also provide an organised structure to the largely unorganised gems and jewellery sector and lead to further growth of the sector. Outsourcing core India can become an outsourcing hub for design and manufacturing jewellery. There is an increased trend of outsourcing design with manufacturing of jewellery from India by global retail players such as Wal-mart and JC Penny. The players in the area can tap this opportunity to expand business, reduce risk and increase revenues. View point The vision for the gem and jewellery sector is positive. On account of the global recovery, the Indian gems and jewellery sector is also on a recovery mode. In December 2009, the exports from the sector grow by 45.35% as compared with the same period in 2008. According to GJEPC, the players received good orders for Christmas in 2009, which indicates a slow recovery for the sector. The positive trend is expected to continue, as major economies are showing signs of recovery, which is resulting in fresh orders for the sector. Further, the gems and jewellery sector is also expected to grow in the domestic market, going forward. As the per capita consumption of jewellery is low in India, there exists an attractive opportunity to tap the domestic market. ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS IN VARIOUS SECTORS The project involved analyzing and evaluating distribution channels of various companies belonging to sector. 1. Precious and semi precious stones, 2. White goods, 3. Cement, 4. FMCG Methodology: This research comprised of activities like listing down various agencies like manufacturers, distributors, etc and also chambers and libraries like the Indian merchant chambers and interacting with them in order to collect first hand information. PRECIOUS AND SEMI PRECIOUS STONES The Indian Gems and Jewellery industry is an age old industry and comprises mainly of two types of markets, viz the controlled sector and the unorganized sector. The organized sector with celebrated jewelers, Public Sector Units (PSUs), etc forms only 10% of the precious and semi-precious stones market, whereas, the unorganized sector forms 90% of the gems and jewellery market in India. The unorganized sector employs around 1.5 million workers serving over 0.1 million gold jewelers and over 8000 diamond jewelers. Precious and semi-precious stones industry is a main earner of foreign exchange. This sector contributes around 17% of Indias exports. The bulk of the Indian gems and jewellery exports comprise imports of rough diamonds, cutting and polishing in India, and re-exports. Cut and Polished Diamonds (CPD) and gold Jewellery account for nearly 95% of Indias gems and jewellery exports. India is the worlds leading diamond cutting and polishing center, accounting for 53% share of the global polished diamond market in terms of value. India imports gold from South Africa, Switzerland, Australia, Hong Kong and UAE. The domestic consumption of diamonds have been 626.9 crores in 2001-02 to 483.4 crores in02-03 and reached and all time high of 1771.3 crores in 2003-04 and the trend has continued in 2004-05 as well. The market size has also witness a rise of around 10% in 2003-04 over 2002-03. The value of domestic sales has been 7200 crores, 7400 crores and 7650 crores in 01-02, 02-03 03-04 respectively. Exports of cut and polished diamonds has been 5892, 7385 and 8240 million dollars in 01- 02, 02-03 03-04 respectively, whereas, exports of Jewellery studded with diamonds has been 553, 719 and 934 million dollars in 01-02, 02-03 03-04 respectively. Consumer Demographics Buying Patterns of Indian Consumers There is a very high consumption in the western and the northern markets of India, viz, Mumbai and New Delhi, New Delhi being the head. In India, the purchase of Jewellery is quite regular and occasion driven. There is a higher consumption during festivals like Diwali, Dassera, Ganesh Chaturthi, etc. and also during the marriage season, which is spread from November to March. Mechanics of Distribution Channels of Sector Since precious and semi precious stones industry is divided into organized and unorganized sector, the mechanics of the distribution channels of the players belonging to these sectors has also been different. Nationally, the branded jewelers of the organized sector cater to the consumers via a 1 or a 2 level supply chain which comprise of either only franchise retail outlets and other retails or wholesalers and then retailers. The players of the unorganized sector, on the other hand, either plainly sell their manufactured products to retailers or have branch offices in cities where the products are transferred and sold to end consumers or to retailers in the particular city. Web: www.beemanagement.com Email: [emailprotected] Web: www.astrategies.com Email: [emailprotected] December 2005 Copyright  © 2005 Bee Management Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. 2 Raw diamonds and other Jewellery is imported from sources, manufactured and polished here and either shipped or transported by air to the final destination In exported countries the products are either transferred to retailers who are clients or to branch office who in turn sell it to the retailers. Whether domestic sales or exports overall, the levels of mediators in the gems and Jewellery industry do not really exceed 2 to 3 levels. This report contains detailed analysis of renowned Gems and Jewellery companies. The PESTEL analysis The macro environment includes all relevant focus outside a companys margins relevant in thesense that they are important enough to have brought on the decision. A business finally makes about its business model and  strategy.   Companys strategy may be needed for answer it. Micro environment includes all general force that does not directly  touch on  the short  run activities  of the  organization but  that can  and  often  does,  in dulgenceits also ran decisions. Political Factors:- The Government of India (GoI) has been working to develop the Diamond industry in India through several initiatives but under the purview of Diamond industry. The main political factors are as follows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Excise duty: In the budget of year 2008-09 government decrease excise duty from 10% to 5% on cut and polished diamond units. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Marketing  and  control  orders:  Import  of  rough  diamonds  illegal  by  the Jewellry  export Promotion Councils .The Council provides market information to its members about foreign trade inquiries, trade and tariff regulations, rates of import duties, and information about Diamond fair and exhibitions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢FDI approva

Ramrod Case Questions and Answers Essay

1.What kinds of products and technologies does Benson Metals use? How have these been changing recently? Benson Metals, a medium-sized maker of specialty steel products, has traditionally used a craftsliketechnology to produce a variety of metals. In terms of Perrow’s model of technology, task variety andtask analyzability are low, as there is still guesswork, skill, and even some â€Å"black magic† inmanufacturing products. Benson also produces metals in very small quantities—pounds not tons—so thatin terms of Woodward’s model it is small batch, and the skills and knowledge of production people aremore important than machines in getting the job done—task complexity is low. Recently, the company has moved into making sophisticated and technically difficult steels for theaerospace industry. Not only are they difficult to produce, these steels require more research skills,metallurgical analysis, and delicate handling in all stages of production. They are produced to verystringent specifications. In terms of Perrow’s model, task variety has increased and task analyzability hasfallen—production is more nonroutine and research oriented and depends more on the skills, experience,knowledge, and judgment of production personnel. Companies cannot imitate these skills, so they form acompetitive advantage. The environment surrounding the company has changed to more uncertainty because a new range of products is manufactured. Both technology and environment have changed,affecting the contingencies facing the company, and increasing potential risks and returns. 2.What problems is Benson Metals encountering as it changes products and technologies? An increased level of conflict between sales and production poses a problem. Production is responding tothe new pressures facing the organization, yet it is continually fighting with sales. Sales wants a rapidresponse to unexpected customer requests or tries to discover production’s plans or when the finished product will be ready.Morale is falling as the effects of these conflicts spread. Managers in different functions are taking sides,usually siding with sales against Ramrod and production. Communication and decision-making haveslowed as a result of uncooperative attitudes. Integration between functions is falling. This is dangerousfor nonroutine  technology that requires a high level of differentiation and integration to be effective. 3.What is causing these problems in Benson Metals? The sources of the conflict can be isolated. Keep the discussion focused on the people, principallyRamrod, and examine what he is doing wrong; this approach makes the later analysis of power moredramatic.The attitudes and behavior of Ramrod Stockwell cause the problem. Although he is competent, he causesconflict within his own function and other functions. In his own function he fails to delegate authorityand keeps the reins of power in his own hands. He has a centralized management style and does not shareinformation, which makes it impossible for subordinates to provide salespeople with the information theyneed. He does not follow the chain of command; he goes to people only when he needs them. Violatinglines of authority reduces the authority of his managers and also leaves them uninformed.His attitudes affect relationships with other functions, especially sales, because he also does not allowsubordinates to share any but routine information. Because of the centralization of autho rity in production, subordinates do not possess information. Only Rob Bronson, the vice president of sales, canget information from Ramrod, and he is too busy to do so (and too proud since he would have to admit 232 dependency on Ramrod). Stockwell says something can be done but fails to provide an accurate timeframe, making planning difficult for sales and other departments—making them dependent on Ramrod.Ramrod is a â€Å"rough diamond† and has little social contact with other top managers at Benson Metals,which further isolates him. Managers have suggested sensitivity training to help him better communicateand delegate.The conclusion is that Ramrod is the problem—his attitudes and values. What is the solution? FireRamrod? After the pros and cons have been considered (the firm would lose his valuable skills andexpertise), the instructor can turn the discussion to the issue of the company power structure; studentsrarely raise this issue. 4.In the past, which function has had the most power in Benson Metals? How has the power relationship between production and sales been changing recently? Traditionally, sales has enjoyed most of the power: †¢Ã‚  President Tom Hollis worked with Fred Benson and was the sales director. †¢Ã‚  Most of the â€Å"assistant to† managers groomed for promotion come from sales. †¢Ã‚  Sales gets the credit for good work while production is blamed in the bad years. †¢Ã‚  Sales can slip orders into the production process, although, as in the Continental Can case,this causes significant problems that will increase as the sophistication of the metalsincreases. †¢Ã‚  Production managers play second fiddle to salespeople: They have inferior facilities andlimited access to resources and to top managers.The traditional power of sales reflects the fact that in the past, the main contingency facing Benson wasto sell its products in a competitive market against four or five other companies who compete for thesame customers. In this environment, developing customer relationships and servicing customers is veryimportant. Recently the environment has changed and production has become more important—only production can produce the kinds of steels customers want. In the new competitive environment: †¢Ã‚  Production controls the main contingencies. †¢Ã‚  Production has become central and nonsubstitutable. †¢Ã‚  Production reduces the uncertainty facing sales, not vice versa. Even though the power of production is increasing, Benson’s internal power structure does not reflectthis change. Rob Bronson, the sales manager realizes the change but deliberately avoids a change in thestatus of sales, and the result is conflict.The message is that maybe Ramrod is not the problem; it is Benson’s unchanged internal power structurein a changed environment. Ramrod’s attitudes and behaviors seem logical once it is understood that hewants to increase his function’s power and status in the organization: †¢Ã‚  He doesn’t delegate authority and share information to increase his power over sales. †¢Ã‚  Information is a power resource, and by hoarding information he can increase the uncertaintyof other departments and their dependence on him. †¢Ã‚  He agrees to all requests but gives no feedback. This increases his power and makes himnonsubstitutable.Ramrod, consciously or unconsciously, is withholding information to increase the dependence of otherson him and to change the balance of power in his favor. A strong CEO would understand this and might 233 publicly recognize the importance of production and correct the imbalance. The chairman and his son areweak and the president is from sales, so nothing is being done. The level of conflict is escalating as salesfights back. 5.Suggest some ways to try to solve the problems the company is experiencing. What would be a good strategy for change? There are several ways of increasing the power of production vis-à  -vis sales. †¢Ã‚  Like Continental Can, Benson should create a production control department to buffer salesand production and reduce or eliminate sales’ ability to slip new customer orders into the production process. All requests should flow through production control, which transmitsthem to production. This reduces sales’ traditional power over production and helps promotea power balance. †¢Ã‚  The support of top management is vital for a change in attitudes, and top management needsto recognize the increased status of production publicly. †¢Ã‚  To increase the status of production, top management can improve manufacturing facilitiesand give Ramrod a bigger office and staff, a more central location, and greater access to topmanagement. †¢Ã‚  Create a task force to examine how environmental changes affect working relationships andto increase perceptions of the importance and status of production. †¢Ã‚  Send Stockwell to a management training course to improve his skills at delegation.

Leo Burnett Company LTD Essay

Leo Burnett is an advertising agency that was founded in 1935 in Chicago. One of their clients is Ontann Beauty Care (OBC), which is a leading global manufacturer of health and beauty care products. OBC has been awarding Leo Burnett’s (LB) its business for many years. OBC has been a client of LB’s Toronto and London offices since 1958 and mid-1970, respectively. OBC has centralized its global marketing campaign for a given brand and creates the communication materials as templates for local offices to follow. Local offices are then responsible for adapting these raw global materials and developing local â€Å"below the line† materials. LB also centralized its decision making to better service it original client. In 1998, OBC presented a new skin care line that would target a rapid growing population of consumer over the age of 50. This new skin care line would be called â€Å"Forever Young†, and was more expensive than other OBC skin care products. OBC awa rded its advertising and brand communication to LB. Mirroring the global OBC team structure; LB global brand team remained in London and formed satellite teams in Toronto and Taiwan. The Taiwanese Team would receive the creative templates from the LB global team and would adapt for the local market. In addition, they would have to adapt the television ads and retake photos for the print ads with an Asian model. The Toronto team would use English television ads and print advertising for the Canadian market. Furthermore, they would produce direct marketing and Web site materials. In short, the Toronto Team had less autonomy, and was not able to adapt to the Canadian market. The results showed the Forever Young launch in Taiwan was successful. While the results of the launch in Canada was below â€Å"action standards†, in spite of the success of the isolated pre-launch test. Furthermore, LB’s future business with OBC was now in jeopardy and tension raised within LB to improve the OBC brand in the Canadian market. One of the first contributing factors is the idea of Pluralism of Cultures vs. Cultural Pluralism. What should a firm pay attention to: The unique cultural characteristics of Canada or the variety of cultures within Canada? In my opinion, cultural pluralism is a contributing factor in the lack of success of the launch. Canada has many different cultures within its nation. When LB decided to use the data from a small town in the interior of British  Columbia to make a general assumption about the entire nation of Canada they should have known that one area should not be the blue print for an entire nation. The product trail and product sales indexed 120 against its objective, which had a base index of 100. This is a successful result, but that is only one area in Canada. For example, Canada is known for having a French and British influence in different areas. Canadian also has many American cultural norms. The Canadian launch indexed 50 against a base index of 100, which is not a surprising result considering the fact that LB only tested one area of Canada. Next, we have the idea of a global mindset. LB had their global team headquarters for the project in London. The reason for this was because London had experience in leading global business teams and it was closer to OBC’s global team. When dealing with Canada, LB London wanted to push English filmed television ads & print ads in the Canadian market. At the same time, LB allowed Taiwan to exercise autonomy. This proved to be unsuccessful for the Canadian market, and successful for the Taiwanese market. The reason for this is the idea that there needs to be shared views when it comes to thinking globally and locally. The ads being run in Taiwan were adapted to include a popular Asian actress, and this also allowed the product to show how effective it was on Asian skin. Taiwan is a successful example of incorporating local and global thinking. In Canada, ads featured a blond Caucasian actress as the lead in television and print ads. The Toronto team was not able to adapt the ads as they best see fit. The Canadian culture may not accept the ad because it was filmed under London assumptions and values. It did not take into consideration Canadian values. Specifically, Canadian consumers perceived the ads as violent. The case does not specify why it was considered violent, but if LB London allowed local thinking that situation might have been avoid. Another factor that contributed greatly to the events that occurred is culturally mediated cognitions in communication. Communication was very difficult in many cases for both LB Toronto and London. Teams relied increasingly on e-mails and phone calls. Although emailing is quick and easy to create, this does not help develop relationships, which does not build trust between parties involved. Also, Meta communication is not involved, which can be important in different cultures. For example, in an email you  are not able to hear the tone of a voice or the facial expression of the person sending the email. Speaking on the phone has similar weaknesses, which include not being able to visually see the person reactions. Lastly, videoconferences are personable, but may not be as convenient. This was apparent in the presentation of a creative concept to the London team which took 45 minutes and lead to frustration. The last contributing factor was poor management of global teams. One of the main problems was the inability to communicate directly to Carmichael. LB Toronto wound have to contact Annabel Forin, and then she would contact Carmichaels. Geoff spoke about the challenges he faced when working with someone else’s art direction by stating, â€Å"This would be easier if I could connect directly with Annabelle, but she’s on the road so much of the time it’s hard to catch her.† Lastly, referring to Toronto and Taiwan as a satellite may lower morale of employees because they may feel as though they are not as important as the headquarters in London. Lastly, the inability to manage global teams lead to extremely tight timeframes because the two teams would not be able to communicate effectively their desires leading to repeated changes in materials. My first recommendation is the ability to allow LB Toronto to think locally. To achieve this LB London should produce a creative template for a brand, but allow the Toronto team the adapt for the local market. The Toronto team knows what’s best, and has in-depth knowledge in their local market. The only problem that Carmichael sees with this is the fact that key executives have departed and that giving autonomy to an inexperienced team may not be a good idea, but I feel as though LB Toronto has a better grasp of the local market than LB London even with the absence of key figures. By allowing Toronto to have more autonomy this well also decrease the amount of interaction between London and Toronto because they are not using LB London’s work so the need for constant clarification will not be necessary. My Second recommendation is to improve marketing research on countries that LB plans to enter. The prelaunch test of British Columbia was not enough to make an assumption of the entire Canadian nation. Leo Burnett needs to ensure that they are identifying the different cultures and testing does  cultures. Once they have ample research on a particular company they can then enter the market. For example, if they enter US market it is important to realize that different areas of the country might value skin care products differently. In New York City skin care product may be popular, but in Seattle it may not be as popular. If emails and phone calls are still used there may be an adverse outcome between the culturally mediated cognitions in communication of two parties. With that being said, my third recommendation is to have a quick and simple training session to better understand how to effectively collaborate with another foreign team. By learning the culturally mediated cognitions in communication and communication protocol it will assist when two teams need to speak with each other on the phone or through email. The training sessions will include guidelines for communicating, and how to efficiently communicate your message to another countries team. Lastly, I recommend a better means of communication within LB through a better management of a virtual global teams. As mentioned before communication seemed very difficult especially for Geoff and Cathy Lee. Getting a hold of Carmichael was very inconvenient since they needed to first contact Annabel Forin. LB needs to create a better communication setup so that a team member can communicate directly with their supervisors, or their supervisor’s supervisor. This will allow members of team to get answers more efficiently instead of not receiving a response. The launch of Forever Young proved to be a challenge for Leo Burnett, but with the implementations of my recommendations we can insure that the losses we face in Canada are never faced again.